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ŷﵵ-1 һ¡͵ ŽճбҵĴͷķŵıֽ 
ʱķʲߣǵʧ١ܰҲƹܵɱ޹أ ľԱæµӣԼѡ˸ò¡е 
̶ȫҲϵģٷشɱС ҲֵԼԽԽϿɣְֻʱˡ 
ǰĳ̵СŮʧٵע⣬ھ ее²ô򵥣Ǽһ쵽 
ŵĴ󳳴֣žᡣˣʧ飬ǰһʱ ΪһСӣѾӣÿš 
ԡͷʱˮʱò񾭡òǳ Ժи֣ȻѾ꣬һֱûҪӣ 
ȻŮʱõͣǧεĽ֮һ ǽ塣 ˮֹͣˣշ±ֽ˫ĿһգգĽҵķţ 
ȴ˳ԡһĨޡ žһһƬڰ ţôʱ·أ 
סǸ߼ûǲͣġ ʱĴˣһϤӰƵǰŴ ¹⣬տһλŮ 
̿ɷ𺳵飬һ˿΢ЦԼⷬѪ õĻر ⴩һ׾Ĺõĺɫ˿£ѧƣԭ 
ε鷿еøӸʣ˲λϸСİ͹Ӳ㣬 ʱ̼ԲԲͷʹŬͦСұߵһ 
ͻ˿ľӺɫķ϶¶һ߷ۺ졣 ĴŵĲٵĿڷϵ˿ſ 
޶ȣʮëʼį˳滹һЩˮ֣ ¹ӳ£˸űʯһĹԡ 
մӿʼʧѹסҲ鷿һһص һֻظĦŶԷϸĴȣϣϣ 
ڣ̵ָֻǸڿ㰴 ۵ѷ쵱С һ߷һŤ֫ɷƺ 
ԼȫλĽӴ յͷӵС⻬Ƥ˲ʱΪǿҵĴ̼һƬ ȵĴͷƤػʱһСӿ 
ĸоһ뱥̵߿ ռԼⶥӵĶ꣬ٵתͬ 
ʱִ·̽˽ȥָģһʹ̵ 鷿ϸĴָʳָĦѲ٣֮󣬾ͼ 
Ūţƺмˮ ±ߵĴҲţָٵ߶ڲѨ 
𽥳ָ˽ȥ˿ڿָһ볱 ʪСѨУ̶ȡĲ嶯£СѨ 
תָϵ˿ڿš黨 ܵĴ̸̼ոΪԡӱûȣͬ 
ʱ˫ȷҲ֧ŲסԼһѹڴϣ ӣѰɷĴ죬ɵĶԷĿǻĽӵ 
˹ԼͷͣײmԴȪһɹɵ Һ˵Ĵݼʣĸоȫ 
̵鷿ʱɷΰţֲ֪ʱѱȥ żͦͷڽտϣܵԷ˲ 
ŤţĦͷĵ׵ ĵĽɷڿ㣬һסϸ 
ļսӴʱġޡһͷƬ̵ͣ ֮Ըҵ̵̬Ķ㡣 
һ߻ӦɷĹһ߽סӲŪ ǰ鷿ھҵ˶ҡţһһεĲյ 
ż˵ͷײһ𣬱˴˽һıͬʱ泩 Խǰӽβ˲ߵ֤˫ȫ״̬ 
յ׳ǰδеĳ̶ȣһ棬̵дģ ΰҺſ˳Ūʪڿ㣬ҲȾɷϡ 
ͻȻͷ̨ڽǰģһ˫ԺˮֵĴ ۾ڵǻ˳糤ʱЩɢ 
ңǺϣͻȻ¶ߣ̸ֹصƣȴ ɷ͵һѳסûѹߵͷѱպ  
 ̸ƿɷĴ죬ȴմһֻӹͣ 
ֻñסɷͷָҵĲķ䣬ĵ ͷ˱ţûпܣ˳ƣ⾭ 
ƽ̹⻬СƬصڡ ̺ȻƿɷԴֵĿ ̣ýţ֮ºġտ 
֪Ҳ˵ģ̳ ŵڣȻԽҲܸȤԿڽȴǿҵĵִ 
Ǻðɣεɻشϣ̾˿첻 ܹصƣҪ߳ӣ 
һε̲پ͵ƹԴԹİ һۣһεסյиһֲֻԼںλã ȥ 
С˶Ĺͷߣ̰İһһ ȥӽյĽǶȿȥһ촽ʳԼ 
С̽СѨԽԽܸее ȣȵˮŰʹܸΪ˳̽ľͷ 
һ棬ȴǱһܡƽѾϰߵȴһ İĳߴԼ壬ͬһȵͨԼ 
⣬ĲϽϮУԼеޱȵĳżǿ ͱͨвʹҲ̱ͣ񾭵Ŀûֻ 
еһССĲۣΪЩʹŸᵽ彻 еĿ֡ ˹˹ĵŪ£ķ֮ĳѾû 
ͻȻӵһ ͡һ޴ȫͱ˽ȥͷһ ϡ 
̱ͻһûҲһ ΣʹˮǴӸӿһ ĵɷǰ 
յȻưոݣ˫ֱס̵ƨɣ̶÷λԼ ǿĸ⣬ٵĳ壬һ¶û£ 
̾ʹлָ˫ִĴָɷͷϣʣµ ָסյؼԼŰβ 
տʼֻɷСѨĿڴСΧĻŬ ͦţȴȻһľ¶棬ɷ𽥽飬 
һҧײȥ ޡ  ǿĦ²ĿУʹͬʱ߳ 
΢УĽǶȣʼٶŪһδ ĽխСѨȫףֻͷڿеʹ£ 
ıһм伷ѹʹͨӽܣȪˮкİҺ £ڻϳ۳ңˬޱȡ 
Ϲҡҿ첻ˡ첻ˡ ڵһθ߳ǰƬ̣þȫŪ£һ ֮󣬵ɷϡ 
һȫ̱ѹ£´ ŴͷĵƹһǽϵѪſԼɼڲۺɫ 
ڣˮ治ͣΧȦһɫĭڸղ ҵĽʱˮѾɺԣγһϸСİ׵㡣 
ţҪйһΣ ҪҪˡϢһ°ɡ㡭㡭 
˶ԷģսߣĴָǿŲ £ӵĴȣԼļϣһȫ¶ڹµ 
˵ĶѨһֳͦ˽ȥ зյȻŢпٳ壬 
ÿζӵĻģžžײڶ̵һ ߹һͬڷеһҶۣű 
νӹڿһٴεǿ£յ ͷϴһӣ޴Ĺͷǿмӹڲ 
̱ͽӽߵĶ壬һ±ͻأ˲Ĵ̼̽ ֧飬ֻԼģ·ƶˣ 罫ԼҸá 
̾ȻѾʧȻʵķӦȵһ θ߳һкӹĹͷϡձ 
ľʧأѾõľҺƬֵء ιţ㻹ðɣ˿ӣĵʵ 
̴ʱڻζŸ߳ϣɷʺЦЦ һĵ񣬡ѽҿǰȫڣȻҪЩҩˡ 
ҲΪ֪أԱϹ §ɷĲӣԼĺ촽һ֮ܰ˴ ΢Ц硣 
˭Ҳ벻ⳡ¾Ȼһ˴ͷβš ʾǸĴ˯дƽһѹвͣ 
ӿ𣬵ȼһ̣˼Դ̳˳ ̣ŵŮϾȫע⣬ȻߴͲ 
Ůӣȴûһ飬ԭܼ򵥣Ұ ôһĸ߹ʣ 
Ӽ̵һ̿ʼƽ¾İŪ֣ҪԷ ѵ״̬ĸԸķԼ塣 
飬ƽҪõ̻治Ǽ׵顣ĸȫ 鷨ңҵ׷סĸ߼ǸΪ 
õļױ⣬׻ͨϵӾУҵûõŮŵ ֹûʱ䣬Ϊɱ鳤 
Լһѧν̣˵нˮͣټϸ׵İ ǴûΪǮⷸѣˣǷ֮ĸҲ 
һֱܺãûгܣЩ濴ûƽʲô ֮Ψһߵ 
Ƭ߼סլƽģȻ˵Ĳҵɡ ƽִͷβûкƬסլκεǣʱΪ˱ 
һٵݣʱ䣬Ѿû֪ ˡ ڽʱ뺣Ѱæÿ䷿ﰲװ 
ļϵͳĶǮˣҵܺ͸˽ ͨʾУͨһЩֶΣ˴ 
ĲƸڴﵽҲ֮˼Ӫͷֻ ΪǮıһ˵˹⣬ֽԵ 
ȻѾ̿ÿһµʱعתת ϾŮȻԱȽϿţҲ˻ŮȻĶ 
ɬͺʳԶҲᷴθż嵭СҲһʵĵ  ڵŮƺᣬÿλعҵһ 
ЩСұ͵Ůӣÿ˵˴϶Կŵʿ ķްı̢ҲʹƽЩȻζͨ 
Ĺ۲죬̾ǸƷйŮԽʱӦе飬 ¶쾡Ҳᶨƽľġ 
ȻǷ޸ôҪãҾͷŪѲɣֻҰ Ʒ裬ûֹңƽЦţм죿 
ɱ飿ٺ٣ҾϷɣǿǧҪʧ  ڶ¡ʬ һİĵңһȫŮӱ˨ڣ 
ǣӡĿڷлصӦֻŹĵͺ Ϸһ뷹вˣȴû˿ĺۼ 
Ůӵɫǲ԰ףٲյķһͷĶ̷ʱ ҵɢţżĹһÿɰСŮѾݵ 
ôҲ벻˾ȻήԼϣֱڣڰο ԼΣһµجΡǣһôʵʵ ļ¡ 
ûǰʧٵĸ֮ŮС Ǳƽܵġ ϣͼͬѧͷŵʱѾǵڶ 
賿ͬѧ͵ſں뿪ˣָӴ尴˲ 䣬һƻ裬ԺѾ 
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ָϴѧµСŮЧˣȻòκε ŵЦܸĪİοģʼڴƽĳ ֡ 
ϣƽٵˣҳٵĺСȻ벻ε һŮڴϾʵı֣ȫСŮ 
ʱѹµĿ־塢ίһӿͷֻÿй Լ ŹĽȻʧСһ̧ͷǵϤӰſڣ 
νƽϵװѾµӲͦŭ Ŀӡ һ˫§ס򣬲ʵ㡭Ҫ ʲô 
ƽȻ΢ЦСУΪοЦô İǵ͸ޱȵ ҵСûϴһܰɣҸɣ 
ҪءȿȡСĿ顣 ŮĽ³ţƽеˮһ׻ˮ 
СϣеҺ彫ԷĻ˽ȥ ǿҵˮˢ壬ˮĳһ֪ 
УСֹͣŤӣˮϴĲλ ƽĽԷȫһּйǶԸոշ 
ͬһ㣬СͻĴ̼Ūþɢ鷿 Ǵͦ˫ַסСɽ壬ӭһһĳ۵ͷ 
ûðݽȥԽԽͻͬѹǰ ȴҲ޷ֻ´صĴϢ 
ƽ˹ȥýŷֿС˫ȣˮ׼壬 ǰŮӡ ϡë䣬ˮڽյϣС 
Ӹ߿ Ǳߵ̨ȥҹ£ƽ⿪ úźңĻͷȥȻߺߡ 
ҲڶԷвҲǱռģСĬĬԵ ӶԷָ סƽ޴ѹڶԷϣСֻſС죬 
ĹͷȥȻɫ¼Ӱмȴûпڽ 飬ȥ֮󣬾͹ӣ̧һ˫۾һĽƽ 
ιɵ㣡ͷҲҪϣҺúõ򣡡ƽһ˵ ţһͦ˶ŮӵС 
СƺѾȫľˣɴ񣬹ͷʱ ĺףǿҵŻ¸ʹ³ƽи 
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һƬհףʣµֻзӡ ڶԷĿ£СֻסԼ ˱ŴִİͷΧ񾥴ת 
СĶȻЩ׾ȴŽƽ񾭣ʹ ʱָԷ˫ۣŴŮǻȤ 
СݹϣԴʹӴʵĸܣƽ һַסСͷˮܵ򿿽˶Է˽λĽǶ 
ȥǴδմȾľջ˺ϼһֲܣ Сת˸ʹܸĿŮ졣 
ƽסˮܵ룬ˮϸˮλã ŭˮͬʱС;ջ١ 
ޡҪͬʱܵˮĳСͷš ͣƽһεĴСĿǻָʹˮ 
ĳײŶԷСѨ ˮɽ ڲϵĳˢ£С𽥴飬С 
¶⣬ۺĤΡΡĶˮڲ ӿ룬ͬʱСƨйһһţոչˮ⡣ 
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֣С泯ţָֽСѨ Ů̽Ĳ¶ȸߵˡ 
ƽЦۣôʪһףһǸ أ СģŹҰɣҡ° 
ƽָ˱һ£ɾҺ壬ͷС ϻȥʱһ̼ѪˣȻרĵ 
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ƽֲƬİ⣬Ľ˽ȥͷս ͱСε޴ѹŪͺһһӳ һȥ 
ʹγСƴĴУƵҡ ͷ˫ſԷǿ׳ 
ƽѹȥСֱ۳ܲ˾޴ѹ еҲ֮ݣһ屻ƽĴʹʹ 
СͨʩŰߵĿС ƽһһĽӽŮǲڿҪֱ֮ӶԻʱС 
֪һţԷƿֻǿ СĹͷС ٺ٣ưɣʹ࣡ƽЦţ 
ѹȥ տٴα룬̵ʹ½٣СŴ ͣŬţȴֻǡɺɡ졣 
ͷɹĿСĴŮĤ˲ͬƽûвһ͵ һһѹǵĤŮĤĲλ 
ѹ±ΡʹһСԲԸо ά֯ ڣСȫľ˫Ĵ£޴Ĺͷ˲佫ǵ 
͵Ĥɢ䣬ֳһС һı쳹䣬Сͦıֱ 
ȫƵĲţǰҡȥΡ ȻѾ˶ԷĴŮѨƽȻͦž޴ ٳ 
Ѫ£лŮ պϣſٱպϣʹһĳСĴԡ 
ͣҪҪذ ƽС˫Ȳ䣬ŮҪλȫ¶˳ 
ײ۵ĻģƨһͦһͦģŪŮСѨ˵ٽ ܾѪˮӷ϶˳˵ëճһ 
ˮ˰ɣ㻹ǸСأƽСѨѹӢ ˲һһεײʹ˵ĳܹʹꡯꡯ 
һƬС۵ͬ߻һ̼ 񾭣Ķӷ ҡҪˣҽŰɣ 
ļ˲䣬ƽĸ߳ŨľҺ˴Ů СѨƹϵѪһͬ˳̨γһ̲ա 
侫СȻСƽӯ屧 ߵǽߣڵϡ СãȻ֪ԼĴأСһĶ 
ô˸սͷһƣһѺĵƽ̹Сϻ Ļ ѵǽƽ͵ģԼɼİ֤ȷ 
ѪǸ߽ƽѵޱȣǿĶʮŮ ӣѵ±ָġˣϣƽܽҵ 
󣬿ɽƽһֱûɱ˵ͷԴӽУһֱûл õ ƽŪϵĵӣλ˵ʱı飬 
˵һôȤ ֪УĵСϻһӣѪ˲ʱӿ ѩ׵Ⱦ޵ĺɫ 
ҪСӵľٶˣʹʹһ еĴ󺰳ȫһţǽҧסŽƽ  
ŶԷ飬һձĸоƽܵһ ⣬;ʹ˻þһָ߸ϡ Ļþ 
СϸһѪۣʱյǡôǰһ ʹոռᣬ漴͵ʱ򣬸۵һʹǿ 
Сһδεļѹ۷磬ѪСѨ ġ ȵȫָս״̬СѾ˺ۣ鷿Ҳ 
˼СѪģ˿ڣ罦ѪҺȾգŮ۾ ŵĴģʧ컨壬ˮǻĻ䣬ڰ һˮۡ 
ƽСڳɹˣͷŵ棬ƨɳ ¶ľջ١ ԲƨɵߣͦŴֳСĺͥ 
ջٱѹȫţͷսԷ壬ͱò㾫 ʧأƽһѹ˽ȥ 
иӽգССƨ۱޴Ǵ󵽼ޣëϸѪܷ ѣһſŵѪ鸡Ƥ棬ǻһŻȣһ Ļ 
СѾȫľ·ߵðѪ岻Լںͥ ƹϣֻĺһûκεĿ 
ƽסԷ֫ºĵŪǻĦ ¶ȸǣȻѪˮ󻬣ͨʵڹÿεĶ ķ 
ڽƽŬĲ£СǰҡΣǰѪһһεĵ ڵذϣδδ𡯵·Ϊıʱ ˡýá 
ƽǰմѪͱСƨɣŮӵһεŤ ͥѹҪִɱƽ 
𡭡˵ڶҺƽ泩Ķ Է塣 ڽ˰СĹţĬĬš 
ƽСͷȾҺԷŮ Ŀˮ ĩˣһϢС߳˵ҡ 
ҴӦҪȥ˵Ļһ С̧ͷһۣȴԼһӣһֵ̨Ļ 롣 
ƽааЦţСڴʹϡ ǣС³֡ ƽһѷĸӣжСȣӽĽڣ 
ѪȪһӿĽƽȾһĿѪˡ ̨һҵĻζɢһƽܵ н¹Ʒһ 
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ҰɡҪ СȽ룬ĵƬĹ飬ʹ沿 
ŤȫΣȴѵĸоԼĴһһȥ ǿҵʹӽ һȻͣСڵĴŴƿ 
Цͱһ΢ģ㷢ģ߰ɣ㡭  ƽһ˿Ұ޵ĹâСͷ˫ǰٴ 
ء ָһڽڵķɢơСۡ⡢ϱۡСһֱ šкţɤҲˣֻܷ˻˻ 
ҲŹ㡭ԣСɵͷ­ʧ Ȼ˺۵ӡ 
֨֨һ죬ŨѪ֧ĭмӳ ڴ䡣 ƽ˻ʹֻʣµСѩƨɺ֫ 
ϵ˵࣬պùҹ ŷﵵ-2 ¡ Žһ͵˰칫ңﻹ ģ 
Լһ裬漴йµĴ˸绰Ը £Ȼӳóһĺ־еķ 
ཡཡһ󼱴ٵĵ绰Ȼ𣬽ղ ͷͲŽգʲô£ 
鳤ϷһʬյûõСƵ Щ һӴλе׼ϳ 
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һԶţʱ̧ĿǾ֡ СʿڹԼ߽¥ 
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ⷴ£ֻܼһƬ죬ͫӦ״ŷֵ һ̲̲ѪĭýľСƬɢһأܵߵ 
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һѣ⵽ǽһŵѪӡѪӡϻǵմ Щ⣬ӣ˹⽫õʬһѪ 
ǽϣЩ罦ĺɫߵ֤ʵ뷨 ͨϣѪдһ֣߹ȥ һƣ򿪡 
ֻڵһ죬·𴥶ʲôأմ ſڵʱһ̰Сĺ˳ڽյϣѪ 
ĭӶͷϻ䣬ʺͷ䶼һЩ ۣƬ̵ľ֮󣬽˫ϥ򵹣緹ͳͳ˳ 硣 ֡ 
ջ·һǰȻѾϴ飬 ȻᵽǹѪȣֻҪһۣ·һѪԼɹ 
УüζƲסԼŻ˼£ѿտҰ ȥֻŻһЩˮͬԼ鳤һʱ䲻֪ ˵ʲôá 
ǲҪң۰顣հ˰֣ʾҿᡣ Ϊһıɱֳֶμ̣ 
пǸ̬ɱ֣ҲųʧĿܡ Ҳͬһ㣬еֳ֤ݱͷԺ侲ɱ 
֮󻹻أһʧ𣿡 ǵȡܺǰʧٵļСļ 
һֱûܵͿ˵ΪǮԣΪ һ⣬ǿԴǸ̵Ĺ˾֣û Ҫ 
  ˷׷׷ԼһʱҲ޷½ֻۣ·ͷ 
£СƣȥʧϵȥһǸ̵Ĺ ˾ȥСѧУͬѧܺʲô쳣 
⣬ȥصѼһϣһ¸ľû˿ ﷸӡҪץʱ䣬һϻ㱨 
̽ӵյĵ绰֪ɱĹɷӦ òؼ˯ˣ;ȥһԼĸĸ 
󣬺͸ĸ޻˼䣬ҹɫŨǡ ؼҪһ԰ʮӣ԰ﾲĵģû 
Ӱһڶʯ̳ɵС·ϣɷ֪ʬ һ˿⡣ һֵӰȻӺӰ˳סȥ·̼Է 
Ŀƣæһͷߣȴײһϡ ŵ˫ֱǰ˼ȴһ˫̰ 
ĶԼԲСȣһĹ ʲô̶ӣʵ 
С㣬⿴ϴӾ֪롰ɡʲôˣ Ц ֪ԼɫǣСһ˻Ƶ˵ 
ŴҽУҾͰ·⣬˱ ۸˵˵Ӣۻһأ 
̱ԷŪᣬҪȥ˽ǰ һס󣬽ϵһߣڲݵϡ 
ƴţǷҰɣҸǮ ˰ ϻǿ鵱ȻҪŮƻʲô˼֣߬ 
Աߵýס죬㻹һıأҪղ УǵȻûʱ·ٺ٣СƤúý ӵĴɣ 
ûڵˮʱӿһ߶һ߿ءĽкϧ Ѿûȡ ţŪ棬Ӿȹˡϴ˵꣬· 
̵ץţһȹӵ°̽ȥŪ  һܵ˫ߣͼֵֻܿĴ 
֡ţڵϣŮӵȹӣ¶ɫĴڿ㣬漴 ĳȷֵôģҲȥ̵ڿ㣬ڸ˽λĲ 
һߣָǵϵ㰴š ϴʱѽ̵½⿪ɫֱȥӨ 鷿ܵҹ⣬ͦ 
һֲֻڵĴס̵飬ָӲĦŹ⻬µƤ 飬Ĵָ鷿˵鰴˽ȥһɿĵ 
ܽڣ̹ӣҧĴ̼ ߵ鷿Ȼһʪǻ壬˺Ŵ 
飬ǶסѰС٣ͷŷۺδת ܰȻǿ裬ŮȴʵӦ 
ԷŪﳱʪ΢΢ſ³ʺѿ ţȻ֪ʲôָŪŮӵ٣ѿҡһΣȻ ԽԽ󣬰ȻͦڶԷǰ 
ȻŮȽζأţһ̾һ߽׳ָ ʪ δСѨȻܣָ̰˱ 
šءš˵ĵŪ£ ס鷿Ĵ𽥼Ųͣı任Լ״һ 
ӼӲԷĿǻͦеԽԽѣ ̵鷿һĳӡͨûӰŮӵĿ ŨĴ顣 
ˮŷţָڳʪпšתţһ ֵĴ ôˣǿ鰡ôпأԲɷ 
أ찡ȾҰɣＤҵĶţһ˳֣ ȴõҵ 
ڸʲôһŭȽ̴Ԩȹ һһĻ쵰ߵߡ 
СӣĲͷˣ̫ͷ϶±ϣţ ŭָŶԷı 
Ķ۸ŮʲôүǣȻ ĵ ٷϻҾͽѵѵ֪ߵغСӣţһԾǰ 
һȭӵؿڡ ӲŲæһּܿԷȭͷһϣ һţֵ߷ɡţСʹĹڵأһʱʧȥ 
ж ȥɣϴ󳸳һذףӵĲʹ̡ æ㣬ذϻһӡء̾һ 
ӲͷͶһοһٴλذףһ ⴸڶԷؿڣ̿ĽǶȣһƱԷڴ 
ԭǸӣţߣϴݺݵ䳡滰 ͬ飬ֻȥ С㣬û°ɣӳ̿ϵķеʵ 
û£̻æԼ·˿ΣҪҪ ҽԺ 㲻ʲôС㣬סȥˡ 
Ҿסǰġдׯ ԭھӣҽƽҲǰס ƽſڣʹԷûʲô󰭺̻صС 
̵⣬վȻҲѻˡԭھһֱĲֹ ͬǼܣ׷Ȱؼңյֲǵĺ⣬ֻȻ 
һ״̬˳Ҳһ˺ú밸顣 ̿ɷĲɵӣҲϸ飬 ƣ֮󣬾ԼȻ˯ˡ 
ƽصУһ˿ڣ򿪼˼ۺ¶ߵ ̣Ͱעеڿ߶ŽϡŶԷһ 
ӣƽЦ ӼĻϿȥŽüͷƺ˼İ顣 
˼صɳ£վüͷԽ Խܣһֻȹϵϰ 
͵أУϷһѱֽƺʲô һĳеһţָڱֽϵһ£ 绰ͨ˺롣 
ι𣿶ԣŽգһ˷ܵ˵Ұ յһЩ ƽһ㡣ʲô 
ģΪǸѪɱ֣ĿĲΪǮҲ ΪʧյϿԷһˣ 
ĿҲս뿴һֱûзƵ ᲻ĳЩΪûЩɱԾ뿼һ 
ǵأңǸҲƵģ㿴һ Ϸˣǡ ⵹ûҾҪˣˣȺƽ˵ͷע 
ԣҲİһֻһΣҹ Ǹϵɱ֣ǸⲼõֳҲԤʾһĿꡣʬ 
һ»뵽ʬΡǻ᲻һֵĿ꽫 ա򡱻աΡңٹ죬ĸ콫 
ݳ־ͽСɺ족úϵǸǺϣ ǿйעĶҲץˡ 
ۣƽյĿȪˮ˳**ʲôʲô Щǲǳӣⶼϵһޣԣ˵ǿ һء 
ϰһ£עҪܣһҪ֤ݳᰲȫУ ȻĻЩȵĸԿɹܵġãȾɣ硣 
շµ绰һ ƽŶԷӣȥšʬΪ˲ 
ָƺë֤ݣǸ֣ʮѪúˬ һдµģͬʱߣأǸ ôǣأ 
һĿǽյıãڿҪǸ֮ˣ ƶָܴյģܵѹ 
ԼļƻǴ档ƽţһ˿Цǡ ͷԼ򵥵ˣأ ¡ 
ôҲ벻Լ˱һ޴ľ˲ı䣬ԭâ ޵;Ȼ˵Ԩ 
ʱȫ֪ѾһͷײеҰ޶ϣȻŲõ΢ ЦžǾԸе塣ڲ˿ûӰ 
ڳֵĽѵĸȳƣʮ㡣 ͷȾɺɫȥһȼյĻ棬˿ŵĸԣ 
һ˫Ե۾˻ǣСɵı棬ʺ촽ƫȴ ڵγĶԱȡһ˶鷿ǰ 
ͨ׳޷һְգϸ֫ӯӯβ߸ ӻԲͦ׿Ȼ 
ڡʷꡯǱߵıݣһжʮ㣬 һֻӴοͣ⣬ݳ췽 
µʮԱװɷģڱغﷸĵ Լڱſڣָȫ֡ 
žϰһݳ赸ȻϴϢˡ е΢Ц·ԤԼõδȻһ 
˿ڵĸгģ۵ѣ ҹ ƽӰڱݵĶ㣬ƾһٵӢգڼ 
Ļװ֮׾ٵסˡʷꡯ˲£ һЩװ˶¥ 
һͷ̶õ䣬ңؿأӱһֻɫ ˳Ŵ¥ĲϢ»ȥ 
Ѳסķ䣬ڵĿص֮󣬾ʹĹ ȡ̣ӽڲϣһֻƵĵӻ 
һͷסţһһ죬̴ű ȥƽ漴ÿ䡣 
ϣȻ˯ѡƽǽ£һ׼ һļƻ绰Ȼƽһ㵽 
棬ýŲȽ紵°ڣסŵŴϽ޵ ٶ 챻ͻĵ绰˹ڴϷת˼ӣ 
ԸͲιλ Էʻ֮ԭ̱ŭҰĦ 
ľȻҵˣ֪˭ȥ㣡˵꣬һѹϵ ̺ӣĹĵĵڴϡ 
չҵּǣԴεһЦţĺ⣬ ôԼ򣿡 ƴĿ沿ļ⣬ýտԼĻЦȻֱ 
׳Ľ͵鳤ҲҶˣС椰ĦȻ ˵ˡ˵Ļô֪ǵС㰲Ȼ£ Է˰ɣ 
յŶԷƵһʱûа취ֻԼ  ƽĵƵߣı졣һߣ 
һҪݱʾǿҵĲϼͷͻȻĵ ʶȻתҪһ̽ȴһİվڴǰ 
ȴۼֿĽƽסǶԸеĺ촽Ӳ ˻ȥ һ֪˭Ҫʲô𣿡Է 
ʻȴĵðһ⣬ǰȻŵÿ㣬 Ҳûκ֮ɫɹϵЦƫ˵˵ȫ ⲻԷͼ 
ǶԵ۾͸Ϳ־壬ƽЦҵС ԹԣŶģ͵Լ˸κˡ˵ţ 
һ֧עֱۡ ҩЧĺܿ죬еƤԽԽأ˻˹ 
ȥɥʧһ̣·ӵŽգҿ ô潻 ƽԵ󣬴򿪴ӣץסͣҡڵһң 
أԶȥ һܻɡװϣƽվڴ¥ıأһ¼ 
֧ܣڼǿ֮һţɫĻɡӴ¥ ˳ȥҹĻǰƽĺ棬ԶСɽ 
ɽͣһƾɵļճƽΪ˲˶Ŀж ǰڹʱõľɳҲΪ㣬ŷĴ󵨵Ľ 
Ҳû˵õСɽ¡ ںϵʱ򣬽ƽ֪κ;ĽУ Ӯˡ 
ôģһ˶ῴ鳤ôģ һ߲ŶǵĺˮһŭĽѵ¡ 
տžֳǺķĽ͵ֳһֱڱ ݸӣмֵڱѲߣﷸǴӴ뷿ģ 
ǲ֪ķ뿪ֳŴżڱвѯǼǿ źܿнˣ 
ҲһҪôǰշʬû䣬Ȼ ֺ䶯ȫǵ飬ýڴȫֵ÷з 
гҲԴ绰ңҪư֤İȫҸ ʱ䣬ʱץﷸҲ㣬ȥ 
Ǿ仰˵нյĶ̴һֱȻԼŬȴʼ յòҵϿɣ˶Ϊǿȹϵλ 
ãֳʱ˵ѾûκɽˣԼΨһ ľǾư֤Լһܵˡ 
ҲԼ£ʧ٣ܰԼɱһ ϵûУȴڼ֣һֳ뱣죬 
ŵץʬ׷Ҳһ֤ڱݳڼİȫ ⣬ڵã͵ʴףԼʺͷϿۣնԵðʧ ľٶûڲѡ 
СʱԺŴ˲֤Ľֳû˿֤ݣ סݵзһɵӢˣǾ֤ʵ 
ûаܿǸٵݡݵĹԱ˵ ϿԵĹִͷһֱſ֣ Ƕˡ 
鳤Ϊɱ鳤Сָӣǲǿ ˵СڼΣյľأʱбĿأ 
ʣСʧǲǺǰʬǣأ ǿҪǾƴ˰Сʲô 
ʧΪʵԣǿܻȡһЩǳľٶǶԹ ֣صĳŵ֤Сȫ ȡʲôʩԸأ 
 ƽŵϱߺ͸ԴΧĽգɵùЦ õԣ޿ɷ棡ʱշӵ쾡£ 
һĻϣͬտӵҲ¶Щɫ·ڱ ԹɷܣȻ˼Ū˽ͷö޴Ӧԡ 
˶ֵ׾ӱ֣ƽڵȴĴã ĻϵһǷ֮ٴŪķ䡣 
Ȼ˯ۣԼ׽߽䣬һﰵ һ߼ĵЦݣ˵Ӧûʲôڰɣ 
ңұ֤ģ ƽɳϣȤŶԷ۹ŮӸʵز 
ѲˣȻ˵С㣬Ҫ״ǧҪ ˵Ҫ˵Ǯٺʮ׬Ҳ 
ҵأ˵ţÿؿڵ½¶˶ӣһ һ߽ЦѵҲȤаĿ⣬ 
ֻ֪Լĳ롣 ǾҪıˣƽȻϲŮˣ 
żһ¿ŪķҲһܣԷһ ǡ ŵڷлصֵĽ࣬ǰڶ 
֫˫ְϣŤ˿׳ﲨɵ ⲻʱǻ촽һѣ߾ܣòԷ 
ޣȻеŵƽһȦ׹ȥһ㽶 ʹʹ ˶ԷһԹ˸ʮרҵ棬ӵϼ 
Ҳ 㽶ĳߴ磬첻ɵðľǰƤҲ 
ӵȦҲﵽʮ˹֣ԷǰԼı׼ѡ ߵĻеˡ 
ڵϣ㽶³ʺСͷ㽶šȻ һС㽶һһ͵ģŻ˶˼ 
֮ҧס㽶תһ㽶³ ԭȵ㽶ϺȻһۣԵֳ 
ãȻģҿܺٽȥƽһ߰̾Է һ߷ָ ¶һĪӣһһУ 
ӣ·ڽ㽶һһڵĳԵȴʼղĺʳĶ ڣ㽶ֻʣһָĳ棬ƽæȥ ɲ 
ЦЦﺬŶЦҲͲ ôȻ㽶β̽ǻĲק˳ȻһҲ 
٣治ģ ŽƽЩԾı飬Ų˼Ľ͵ҵϰ Ϻڡ 
ƽȻ򣬺ڹļһҪȶ˳࣬Ĳϵ £Ȼܳˡ 
վһ߲貽һ߽˯۵ӵĽ⿪ İڶ˯۴Ӽͷ䣬չ¶ѩ׵ļʹƬؼҲ 
鷿̫ʣ˯ۻǰȻϣٲ ȥ ѵĦͦ˯ϸԲ㣬 
ţȺ֣ȸѩڿҲʼį¶ɽ һǣսӵĹܡ ķӣ֫ŵأӳ½ȥľϰ 
С鷿ʹ鹵һֱߣг˫İΰ ڵϣŤţתţȻ泯죬˯һ 
һ·һŮƤһ㣬ѩ׵Ľ ı¶ڿС ƽµĴ̧̼ͷ˿ھƣʱѹ 
ȥĳ嶯ѵһ衣 ڵϣֻʣ޵ڿ㡣ȸ߸߾̧ 
βֳסڿǣϥǡŨܵëͰɫ ǰݴһ·Էİݷá 
ƽŵ˼ҡ¡¡Ľǡ ȷ£֧βǿҵĽ࣬µŷƨ 
ɣӭ˵ĳһ㡣 Ƭ֮󣬾Өĺˮѩ׵ļϸ֣ڵƹĻӳ£˸ 
߲ʵĹâƺͲסӿֿסһһģ Ū޵Ĵ顣 ϸָ֪ʱѾ볱ʪСָҲľջ 
ɨŪʳָĴָŪϵıʯСڲϵĴ̼ ׳ɳڲˮģʪơ 
˵ڷ𣬽ƽԴЦû뵽ǵ СȻóݳһרһøΪ  
ƺУӵĳţԼ ָĵ׵ ͡͡ϣָпٵĻţ 
ˮӿ˳ƨɹڵذϡ ˮСָҲ˳ĲխСƨָۣǻ 
Ūšתšţʱǽָһ𼷣޲ ͸صмǲ㼡ڴ 
Ѩеĳʹһ߹һҡֻһ з ڣսǰ̣ĵ߷壬ͦƨص 
ڵذϣӲľΣܵгָմ׵Һ壬 һˮëճһƬ ¡޽ 
Լָǰһ㣬̱ڵأչ ˵ӵĴá 
ƽľһɶŴɳվѩ׵ ⡣ ƤЬڵذϣǡ죬еĴģһǼ 
ϣϵı飬ѿҹ£ ׻εľҲֻรˡ 
ƽ𽥿Ӱһħûꡣ ӣһͰ͵̬ܻöԷ 
ƽĲŪŮӵ飬߳ٹִͦ ӵָҡڣȻ 
ƽӳʪСѨһˮŽ ʶȤ˱ţһģ 
ƽ𣬰ɳϡ˫ȣŮ ˽λ¶ڶԷȵĿ£Ϣз˵죬 
ɡ ·һƮ䣬׳չ¶Ȼþսȴ 
Ҳûǣֳϲѣƺ˫ ݣסԼš 
ͷŻС̰ӤǶס ǰˣеýƽ泩ƺ߳ 
ļŤת޴קڽƽⰴ ֻڶڸĥ䡣ɺԵȪٴˮǻӿӵ 
ͷ˵ĥз̡̹졣 ˡúġȥɡһ 
ţ̧ΣӭƽĴƽ˼£öԷһ һصĲʪ 
ޡûϡšԴбݵɫʣƽ ԼΪֱػȻǲȥ 
ԷıҲû ߡֲô죬ʣǿҲᱻ 
ʮ䡱㻹ҪѵأƽЦţ һڻԲϣӿû˼׽ԲأҪ 
ҷ㣬ͺúõķӣ 챻˿ƸףΨΨŵŵĺɳȶԷ֮ 
󣬱ŽƽϣһַŴһֲС ¶ۺɫСѨڣ׼λѹȥ 
ԼĳȼڶԷ࣬ڳһֿƣеĲ ¶صĻڡ 
ӵѹƽ׾ٵĶŮӵĻ֮ϣ ΥЩԵǸԼеħǣþ 
ûźˣһڲԼԺֻ˵ƴ壬 ټԼ˵Ͳ뵽µŮʵ㡣 
ڵãƽʶԼαװҪȲȡ˵ ȡöԷ˵Խζȷڲ׷ܵʱ 
ԼڶԷ֮ǰ£֪ҪĳͷأǣѾ˷ ˣȻװȥˣֻˡ 
ƽȻܶԷĸܣֻԼƺû̫ܵ ѹҲѹ֣ĺڹϰ忪ˣȻҪ࣬ 
츳ṹҲԽ޴ʩչֻڹͷͻײ ʱ򣬲ܴһ˿С ƽĿǰ״ӱסľ飬 
⡣ǿҵʹдǰһŤỬӣ ҲڼŶխ࣬еýƽˬĴЦ 
ƽһϼӾһ߳鷿ϾŪֻø ŪƽԼڶԷ´󷢣ק 
ٶȺͷԽԽӲһδεֱŮӵĻϡ ˬˡ١ҪˡŶš 
Ҫһ߷屻һ߷壬ҵ˦ͷ ʶĴ󺰴С ģƾɤҲܳ裬ȥߺס 
ƸޡһѺ֣ƽ͵ĳŮ˲ӵ߷ ȵףûѹյƨ۾ͱƿһͨ·ճˮ 
Ӻֱȥɬǻҧȴӵͦ£ εķֵߣֱ롣 
ȽϽƽһ߸̾ԼҶŻһŶԷ ӣźͥȤ 
ŴʹܿͱʵĿ棬ǰҲϷ Ȼûκ½еģȴҲӦ˶Էĳߴ磬ƨһ 
һӭԷĳ壬ֱⱻιģ̼ ڶβѰһĿС 
ҵĺϰΣƽתŴ룬ʵ ıȽϳĸ֡Ӳ 
žžžƽĴƨɵѩ׵ļ һָۣбŰıԣӵ£ 
ĵ߶βִ áüˡƽͦרŮ 
̺ڸиٻغ費ʱײʱֱ 벪һˮв˵ëȾʪ 
ͷصĦͨ죬޴İһһģ֪ԷѾ 侫ٽ磬˫ѹԼƨϣＷŪƵԽ 
Խ죬һŪСĸصƽҲ زסأǵľҺһŮӵֱ 
СӸŴճŰ׻ɫĻȥЩġ ƽϵۻ࣬Աһ£ձŰ ĸš 
ǡֻıһľ׮ڲų ڵϣͷһЩ˹ȥ 
һƵĵ綯Ħ˵ƵģΪڰĦĺˣ Ȼһë׵β͡ƽ򿪰ĦĿأªβ;Ȼ 
ŰĦתҡһΣǰľӿȥһҡβ ĸ ûƽЦĸȥһȦҿ  
ȫ벻ӾȻֶζԸԼڶԷ £Ҳֻҧ촽ˮԹԵǽһȦȻ 
ƽĽűߣһŰĦڸеĽһĿ ǰӡ ĸɾƽͦһ 
ĸбĦŪţǿʹӵϣ ý޵ĺ촽ס 
ȳϢıǻüѹθвϷӿŻ¸У ӵ 
ǿɶĶƽ˵һûɫ ˮɫķ㣬ǶǴ͸سġ 
ʵû뵽ԼȻҪЩĵй ӣŬ˱ӵʱ򣬽ƽȻ 
һſڵĵ¹ǹ˽컹ΪǶԷ泩˿ ûע⵽Σ ǹ˫ű̵Ĺâƨҡεβͣ 
޽ͦģڵذϡ ֡ݡϢֻĳҰԼƽ 
һֱûзҲҷϵĹֻü ͷۻһ̽С 
ţɰպһ϶Ȼ һʪĿ룬͵Ļһæ³ƽи 
תһƣȴһֻǹųͷŪԼСѨ 쿴ڴֳޱޣŵþ 
ĸͣƽͷӲٴβ ĿС Ȼûлظĺӵߣκ 
Ķ崦ǹĳˢͷϵö⣬ ЩĸоĿ־ͱ 
ļβȻڶţһĸޣ֮ͬš ǹϣڱļγһˮ 
ϵ£ܲԸŮӵŻʵߴ򿪣¶ ͨ ǹƺѵŮӵСѨֳ϶̰ǰצڶԷ 
ϣͷϳʪ¶ϣͦ˽ȥ ʹҪƽĴ֣Ľšۺ 
СѨŵĴģͷǰ˼˽ȥƽְסƨɣԹ ˵Թԣĸ 
ǹ˵һţ͡һ׳Ĺ޶ 롣 ְҲܲʹ޽ţһ 
ȥҪĹޡȴ֪ǹһ𣬹ͷ ȻһӲŴǰδеĳ̶ȣֹܷ䣬 
ˣһţԼʹ ǹľʹ˰ݣŮӣȻǰһܣ 
忪еĲֱײӹϡŬǰţǹ ں׷࣬һһޣڷȦӣǰһ 
ʹСѨ˳һأǹ漴һ壬ԸѸ͵ٶص ŮӵӹϣһҵĺС 
ǹԽͷһδεӹڵڣе лʹ˶ĹͷϸСĹڣ 
οռ䡣Ҳ޷֧ӣſڵϣϢţ޺ţ ˶Ĥ ֲڵ޸سţѵͨŵô󿪣һƬƬ 
ⱻ޸ϵĵĦͨ죬һʹﴫ ӷ·룬ǹĹͷӹɨҾÿһνӴ 
еȫ飬еĵ˺ѡ ҰַĵһΣһʱӦܹ 
ȻӹĹͷǻһЩʹ࣬ еʹʧһһֵĿϮ 
βƨҡţʱǹıӣǵӴ ŮӵСѨֳëŪźɫԱߵ⣬Ħ 
̼гѪ׳󣬺ɫճ׵ˮŨܵëк֡ Ȼĸƽ˵ţһڣǹ 
̺ŵأټ鶯޸ȻСѨʱѾ ˱ʵΪȻǹϣһֳ 
סһȣ׶ ùҵСѽ찡ҵĽţ 
ǹţƨɷɿ»ζƬˮСѨβ ǹĶɨⶴ쳣Ķġ 
һֱ켸ûгĸ߳Ϊֺˣ ̬ṹ˵ŮԽĵ߷ȴһ 
ڣԸǰԣԼǵĸǣ ԼһˣֻƴҡţŪţ׷߾ 硣 
ĥˣһ˿Ѫ˳޸˳ΪڵһĨ ɫʣɲܲˣõѪСѨ޸ĥĵһ 
ֱţͷ˦ӹڱϣ°׻ˮŽӵ ǹצѩ׵ĽϻһѪۣҲ 
Դں״µżҵĽš Ĺ޴߲εܣţڿеĵ߷ ݺ۳ң·ƶһ㡣 
Ѿ֪й˼ƣڹŪţҪһ ȫͷųƵġŬ£ǿ׳Ĺ 
йĶ󣬱Ůµ˻ ڣǹŪýƣУ޾һ 
ӹ̵ľҺ໡ҽУƽһʱҲͿˣʵŪ ǰԶﵽȮ ŷﵵ-3 ¡Ϸˮ 
Ž⼸췳ˡֳһѵһλÿζǻŷֵ ɫĳһܣȻ˴¼غ 
ЩþֳѣҲףÿɧŵ绰 ˵ӰЩԸ˿棬Ӳǰ 
Ͳ֮˵ʺһ飬ȻвҪΡЩ绰󲿷 ɵ˶ţһЩ쵼ֻܽԼӦ쵼ǽ 
ͦģﻰ֡ư㳷ְ˼ȴԲ ĹϵһֱܺõĸгҲʾҪΪ֮ 
ýҲ˻£ΪһЩֽƪ ¼׷ٱеý廹ǿĹϵȥ 
˳ⷢӣָ𵱾ߵʧ󣬵 ڽյܣŵ참һֱûнչһʱ䣬ìܵĽ㶼 еһϡ 
ҪԾܾˡʲôÿģһв µĺսĿȻһͷҲûСǣ 
һԿ϶ǻزˣﷸһǲкС ֣ݼĽ챻ɱĿԸߴ. 
ڣΨһ飬ǵȣȴ̬ķչȴﷸ ȴʬĳ֡ ǳȴǣ⾿Ҫȵʲôʱ򰡡 
һȥˣƽʼûĥ죬⣬ Ҳܵ˺ܺõдÿͶóԺúȣ˯ǰ 
ԡʹʹϴ裬ƽÿμԷ õ΢ЦȴʹĻ䡣 
ϣչ˯ǰϴԡڵۻͱϴɾ ϵ˺սĮɧζҲ˵㣬 
ˮչӣĿʱĿǰվѵõľס ǣѾҪˡ 
ˮ£һſ˫ۣȴǸɶ Ӿһ˿ҵԡױϣ۾һգһգĶˮƮɢë 
ϴа΢Ц֪ʲô⡣ ԧϷˮô϶ѳеЦݣǷǷӣ 
һͬϴԡԴǹ֮Ҳ޷ֶԼɫ ţϼʱͶıĵĿ⣬òһпܵĹ 
Է廻ɡ ȻƽĻشϲѣȴϱԷĻŪ˼ ά 
һãʵﲻͦ𣿸Ҫط ٷϻҹƽͷĺȵҪסֻ 
һĸûзԵȨ Ļｫеһ÷飬ȻΪԱ 
ĲǺǿֱΪĸеޱȵ衣 ƱǿһԲĴԡվˮĽ£ѩ 
׵ļ΢죬ˮë˵ſ ˵ĿӽƽɫȻ˿ûܵӰ졣 
챻쵽һյĴƽǽϵһť УذϳһƽҵĶڣģһͷ ޣſ죬˶ɡ 
ǰһУȻͷԣսսŲڱϣ ͷĵƹ⣬ԭһϸˮƳɵˮۣ治 
Ǻһ˰ңѾעϥˮˮ滹 ƽԱߵİ֣ǽǶĸɫС 
͸棬ˮУӳһƬ̡ ﱾǽƽڹʱιڣ㽫ʵ 
߱ѾֵŮӣʡ̶ļС ⡭ɻĿվԱߵӣʵ 
㲻ϲԧϷˮҲϲϲϷ ȥɣƽҲͣߴŮӸϿˮ 
ƽĸ첲ĽȥһӴˮ棬еһ ˿ӽֺ˽ֱƤ 
ƽһƬˮ̧ͷʱֶԷѾ һĿߣȥӢӣڱˮӳ£ 
ԵʹߣȪ; 㡭ⶫʲô컣ȫһţɫ ׵˵ 
һͻˣû첻أƽһ˵ţ һߴˮϡ 
Ҫ㵽ʲôݾҲܵƣ 켸 ģҺϷξʹȥ***ˣ 
˵棿£޷ֱԷαһ ɣʱѹĵĿ־壬ñ鷿϶Էţ 
ڽƽĥţš ƽŮӹ⻬ļȥо˵ƨϣָ 
һץ콿һϽƽʣڴ ԳŮȲ ƽֱָŮӵСѨƨϸĦţûζ 
쳣У΢ճˮѨ ָ˳ƴŮӵڣⶴͬʱĳʵУ 
ţͷڽƽļϣɵĵӵĶ ʱԷд ĵֶιȻЧƽµӲе 
ָתصĴϢ ƽָ˫ַסƬΣִͦһ 
ĶŮӵĺͥΪ֪̫ѣСѨʱ ֱӸ㶨ţϾŮ˾쵽߳Ϸˮص㡣 
ˮ滹ǣѾ˽ƽϡĸо ϴƨɵļҲ֮ͥҲ𣬰ӵ  
ƽ¶ϣĳŮӵƨ۵Ūţˮ ö¡ ˮУļһƬǻһţ 
ĦȶȣֽȻ෴ĸдУ˫סӵĲ ƨһһٵӭĳ壬ܻø ĺ⡣ 
ƽһŮӵĺͥкֱײһ߽ĸָ תſСѨ⣬³ȴ´֣ĸ 
ָͳļޣСѨŵĴ󿪣ȵձǹŰʱǿ һνԻõľ磬ҡӣĺš 
֪Уˮı·ʱƽѽŮӵѹ ڲϣָĻ 
̫ˡҴˣкţȻˮǺü Ѩеĸоȴòӣһδεס 
ȥȻָʵĿ ðɣƽ֪ʲôأխСĿռﲻˮ룬 ס鷿Э» 
ѵͲú𣿡ԷʱûˮУķҲ ̧ͷɵʮֲ졣 ƽЦ˸ˣҴߣ 
û䣬Է׼˳֣ѵֻΪˮдս һɱˮĶļͷͷȥȴԷ֪ 
ʲôطһУļػģź ⡣ Ȼ֪Էͼǰдʱĳ֣Բ 
ʲô£쳤˻һ᲻ܿƵӿ˳ӦҪҳ ȥİ ǴӦ㣬û˵ôȥڴֿ 
ȥ˵ȴ첲أǴȺãƽһֺͰĵ ţĶУⲻеϣ 
ҪҪħŹҰ Ȼ㲻ѡԼˣ˵ţʱͣĻ 
ƽУļһһ˿ʺѪҺ˳˲ 䱻ˮϡͲ ƽûͣϵĶ˿ڴľȥ 
ѪˮȾ޺졣 Ťţƴͦӣһˮǿҵʹ 
ʹصεļסƽˬƺһӽϵĹ  ƽסҶ壬ͷ¶ˮ档ӽӴŮӵĹ 
Ħ˷пڿڹͷһĽֳΣ ƽֻһᣬڽ۰ж 
ĲҽһֱڳѪӶϱ۴ӿԭ 峺ˮʱ˺쳱 
ţƽжŮһ첲ʹʧ˫۵޺˼ ʹ˹ȥƽȴҲżĴѳֻͥ¹ͷȻ 
ڸſڴõŮӵĶϱ۴Ļ˿ڸ Ȼ˳Ųжϵ֫һȦһȦļ⣬¶һСعͷ 
õĦŮӵĶϹǣŪҰ׵ĹĭƮɢˮС ϵʹ񾭴УһֵĴ̼𽥴ӻ 
˹ŷ˵Ĵ ָǣƽŪ˿ڣɿסԷӵĴ֣ 
ʧȥ֧ŵŲ滬£ӵ롣 ĥʱһ䣬ŷ֣ԭֻµˮ 
˴ѪȻ͹ıӣҲκ ĵѵǣЩضϵĸ첲һЩ⡢мһֱΧ ȥ 
ƽЦţʼĳ̡һײŸص еָҲƿľͷʹȻ 
𽥽ӽ߳ĵ߷塣 ԼѪҺˮĿУ޷Ҳֻ 
ĬĬԼˡǰȻպԼѪ ԲĿǷΧ֮ڡ 
ⶼҪԼ̫ãѪҲһǺ°ܶԷ ̵ӻǷĸ̾ 
֮ǰ޵Ŀ־ʹСʧĵɫɧˮ пӿˮѪһ 
Ŷ˵ˣҲһأƽŴ״̬ 죬Ҳ֪ǷԼˮŬ˼£ڽ 
Һ˳һǵˡ 賿ĵʮ֣Žշĵ绰ͻȻ 
û˯þĽմʲŵСȻѣ˸ ǷͲ 
鳤ǽӵһ绰˵СϢҪֱͨ 绰ͷС˷ܵ 
Ͽӹһֱڵȴʱ̵ĵʵ˯ ʧӰ١ ãŽաСģŽ 
ڵ顣 ŶʱΪˣǺǡһɣһ ˹ 
㣡ӶԷǾǷѾҲѰ ŵ׷ŭһӳţնŻͲ㵽ʲôˣ Ҫʲô 
Ҳʲôǿδ绰Ҫ ĸϢԷһɲ²ӡ 
㡭մӳ嶯侲þƽȵʵ ôˣģ 
˹˵յθڣŽ˵ ǸϵׯĻӦûջҪȥĳˣٺ١͵ɣ Ժһģ 
ιιȵȡûȽ˵꣬Ͳͷཡ ԷѾҶ˵绰 ʮӺʻ˾ֵĴţҡҷľڳҹл 
š ¡ 賿ʮ߷֣մ˵ׯԭ񹤵Ⱥ 
أЩڳһ˷չö˶ᵽطֻһЩ ɢסȻﰲҡ 
˱·ΧʼչжԼȺ Ϣ ʱһһĹȥԽ 
鳤ҵˡŵЩյĶʱ ⡯һ£˶Էλã̸˹ȥ 
ֳɾѾžȻҲѵõıֳһ˿ʧ ȭͷ߬ţѪɫĿ¶ŭͿ־Ļ飬 
һСڶһԸŻֹϻһ̲ۻࡣ ŵһӣմѪգ֪ʲô 
ʵأôû һָ˵Ǳߡ ˳ָķȥȻͷ­һˮϣ 
ֻ۾ŵôģһĲʣ΢΢ӣбһӵ  Ա߽͵ǵʱˣӦü 
ֵģȴ˸ȥͷ۾Ͷ䶼Ÿ룬ǸҲ ġǱһݾմѪӾͱ棬 
ǻûüȥ㱨ˣ⣬ҸĴ˵绰 Ͼ͵ ߽ߣе۾һֱԼţ·Թ 
ܡֻĬĬС㣬ͰϢɣһץס Ϊ㱨 ҲѶ˵ȳ̵ֲֶξˡ 
¾һ棬Ǳɰˡ صŮ壬ұ˿İڳһֵͣѾƬ 
ȥԺͿϴҲο ɫľȻþ͸˹ҽԱְ˽ŵĻ̌ϳӣ 
һͬҽԺţüڸѼȻ˻ ˾֡ һСʱԺغҽԺֵܴϢܺѾΣ 
գܾȣЩ⣬ʱ޷ṩõҽ ˵Ҫ˺úϢһʱ䣬ָܻ 
ųϴƬ˳˼Ƭϣնϵ屻 İڷڵϣһ仨״ʲô˼أĵ 
õ壬Ƕž黹¼ԼԻԿһоҲûУ ԰־Эһ°ɡ 
յָմ绰Ȼһһ𾪲ѵ ͷ䣿ݾݾʢĻ䣿Ļ 
ѵԷȻɥĲҪԾ֣ٴζƬ Է绰ʱİԽԽе 
ֳ㱨ղҵֳʾ Ҫ㣡***ҹֳͷܻš 
һֳ߽칫ңһļϡ˵Ū ӣô潻 
ΨΨŵŵĴԲ𣬾ֳﷸʱܽû κΨһһҲŪ˲зϣģһ 
ְ׽鰸⣬Ѿﷸϣһ  ģôģѵ˶ɱ˲У 
ţסϿưٸ鷳ˣˡ Ӧǡת뿪ȴֻعͷžֳһ ֹӡ 
㻹ߣ𣿡 ֳҴӰֳһĿпǾ ϵͳŮԣԡ 
ƨͷţ£ֳͷʵ տžֳɫСĵ飺ԡܲŮ Ϣһʱ䣬缯ʲôġ 
ɵ˰㣡ҪҲ˵óΣأ ƵĺŽգҪ׽ﷸҪĵ飬 ٸЩа 
ջڽ磺ﷸ޴֣ȡһЩʱ䣬 ȥ û˵ֳ꣬ųһ֣ 
̴һ黨ȹű㵱ĺС· ţϦϣůģˡ 
һɷԼ飿ϿѽȻĵ УɷǾܾȥ̽Ҫ󣬿ǣ̾ĻУ 
ǿҵСɷҪ˰οΪޣȻҪȥĹ Ҳְ̫ˡȥѵͲȥŵж 
ŻɷһϲҲһ ţ̵¶˵΢Цӿ˽Ų򾯾ָȥ 
̸תֽǣǰʮ׾͵ˣȴϱײ˸ Щı㵱ڵϡ 
ô·ģȻ㶯 Բ𣬶Բ𡭡Ҳá棡ⲻɩô 
ģһĵǸȻ۾̡ ǡ̿˿ԷһӡҲûС 
СǵˣǴһҳԹء 鳤İɣ ŶСˡȻûԷ˭ 
õļҽֻװ˺Ϳʡ˼Σ鳤ڰɣ  ץץͷƤ˵鳤治ɣղиŮˣ˵ 
鳤绰Ҫ̸̸ҾͰȥ鳤ˣڰ칫̸һ һȥˣ˵Ҫ¡ 
֪ŮĽʲôҲʶأȥǡ̲ ʵ 鳤С١˻˵߳һ 
ˣĴһ£ǷߵΣı ﻹţСأôһܳˣ͵鳤 
ղŴ绰˵ϲˣٵׯѼһЩϣҪ 㱨أ ɩ˵ءǰָ˵ 
ˣ治˼£Ͳдˣ˵꣬ С·һȥ 
ֵ˵ıӰѹʵ˵ 鳤˭һȥˣ ˵ѽ 
˵ģŮǰУӼĶ  Ҳ֪ 
֪⻹⣬˵Сȴǡ˵ ͬʱعͷ˿̣εЦЦ˵ټ һ⳵ˡ 
̼ԼĶ䣬ɷԼĸôã Ƿǳʱڣô飿ɷ׿ڸԼ 
ûǸŮϵѵѣѹ̫Ҫ οأô˵ҲӦԼôֺ˾ˣ 
ߵֵſڣŸڵĴ̨Ϸһӣ֪ Աļ¼һȻд١֣ 
ˡһɷ֡Žա žıʼ˵ţɬЦһ£ת ȥ 
С㣬ı㵱ӱûлͷֻǳ ˰֣Ҫˣ㿴Űɣ 
б̵ӰóģԵޱȵĹ¼šմʱڰ칫 æµţ˿֪ſڷ顣һȻǳԽƽֱʣ 
е̨ʶƺõģʱԱݵû ЧȻǺõó棬Ԫĳ𻨵ÿֵá 
һһɫıͣߣƽͷӳ̽ ŲõЦݡ С㣬ɰҪؼһ̣ 
̴ӻҵ˼˹һƣԭԼͷ ȳӢӣʱεΣɵһ죬Ť 
µŶÿԼȥˡæɡ 鷳鷳˳·ɣϳƽһ 
ţ¶ϿңŶԷ ̼ԷһƬ⣬Ҳٶ˵ʲôתӣڽƽ ߡ ƽ΢΢һЦӣǰʻȥ 
㻹ûԷɣƽһ߿һ߲ʵ ûСŶԹˣԹˡ˳ڴţȻʶ ĿģæĿڡ 
ƽˣ㲻ôԼֲǻˣֻǺҳ ٷѡ߰ɣһ죬Ҳһ£뵽ŮҲ ҵأ 
Ѿˡ˵ ŶӰðɣҲϹܣȥɣ 
һ˳Էûʲô˼ƽϳϧ ԼϹ֪Ķңֻһ 
ڼ¶ĵȴɵת̬ȣҪȥ ɣ ƽʶȤû׷ʶԷϷһתķ ¥ȥ 
¥󲿷ǰ䣬ֻλòͣƽѡ һǽߵλą̃ϰڷİĵƹ⣬֣ 
̸˵ĺó һ죬ѾþûоˣԴӽԺ 
ɷȻܺãܾȱЩʲôһ ֳϣȻһЩ΢ı仯򾲵ţ ȴļ 
Ȼ࣬¿ɿڣʾӳƷλ˴ ʱ䶼û˵żĿཻƽҲֻ΢Ц⣬ڶԷЦ ݸȾ£𽥷 
Ҳȫ˶ԷҲǱɷֵ鲻ѣ֪ У̺˰ƿƣƽףȴҲȰ裬š 
Ƶĺ󾢺㣬һ̵ӣۿˮʣ ȥ޶ˡ ̸УƽһԣԼǸ˽ϰ壬Ӫһó 
˾Ȼǫ˵С⣬ȴΪԷһ ǶкøС ŵʱ̵ĽƮƮģƽϽסļͷ 
ʧִ磬ϳӡ ·ϣ̾ӿƽϽѳͣ£·˴ξƣ 
ȵ˶дׯͣʱŮӵʶѾȫģֻڽƽ סլ ƽĽ߽Լҵķţ̷ҵĴϣ 
ŽĴǵŮӡ ƽڴϣЩҵɢߣ˵ 
˫˵۾պĽë΢΢µӣСſţ ׵Уؿڼٵĺ˫С 
Уȹ°𣬾ӨĴ¶˳ϸ⻬ļ ƽ̾Ľ ƽ̵ַ鷿ϣ·ȶȣ 
ָһָ㱻Էεʲô޵ĳ棬 ͦš 
ƽһֻŹĴỮĸо ŮӵصشϮȥƽָڿϵм䲿λ 
˼£оŮӵСѨƺЩʪŴڿߴ¶ļ ëϴ΢Ц 
ʶȻģ̻ӵ˷Ӧһ ӣĴѹ¡ȵ𣬷·ܸܵ Ůӵ 
ƽֳ˳̵ٴΰһֹ°ͣ ǣӵ 
֪֪Ϊ㣬ҷ˶Ĺ򣡡˵꣬ƽͷȥ ں촽ǳһ£ϣԺоȻΪǺɷȣ 
˫§ŽƽĲӣ³࣬ǡ ڻƽȻŹûᣬ࣬ʹȥھ 
ڸɣŬŶԷӵĆmҺ¶ȥ ãƽۣ̾һŮӹ̵ ҡ 
ͷʹأѹ̴µ Σơ ˣŴ򿪣ƽ֧Ͳ˽ԭؼң 
ȴҲҵԿףȰˣⲻҸ·ҵ⴮ Կף˲ʱأôˣȥɣ 
ڻؼҵ·ϣ̲ʱ͵ߵӣ۰ңǸ ˾أҲɷˣԼȻڱ˵ĴϷ˴ΣҪ 
ãǻˣǸȷʵһڣԼ ᵽζ ƽȴתŲͬͷȲ㣬ųߣ㣬һ 
ĸԸҵİתлģ ڰ¡Լ ޻˸Ƿ˱ˮȻš 
ŦԼѾܶˣĻЩԹ һӵŮ˵鼮޵ 롣 
İֵӦòʲôͻ¼˰ɣ ţ˸ֺ鱾׼СƬ̡ 
ǽϵʱѾָ賿һλãҽԺﾲĵģͻȻһ յɫĺȵ޻͵һϽ鿴еķ䣬 
СʾķţȴһƬãɫȫԺ õĲˣһ㶼ֻŹҽӦûסŶѽѵǻʿ 
һʱûи𣿡 ȻֵĲ²⣬ҽְ޻ϽʰҽƷ 
䡣ĻʿСϺ˯Ž ӣ޻ʵڲĴĺΣһ¥ȥˡ 
ŵģ͸΢ĵƹ⣬޻ƿţ˽ȥ ȻһˣǵģʿôûеǼأ޻ Թţǰ 
ôˣﲻȻǾʺ򣬵ȴ쳣ĮҲ ֣޻ˣҪǿ˽üͷ䶼 أ 
ϲʹı飬ûлش޻ʻָָֻԼ СȻͼٵĴϢš 
Ұ㿴޻ƿҪһ¶Է״û 뵽澹Ȼһֳ߳иڡһͦ ⡣ 
޻һѩ׵ķɲʱǵͨ죬ŭɫ ȥˣ㡭ʲô˼ 
ϵʹʧӰ٣ȡ֮һ飬 ˸εƣȻЦˣǺܲѽǵ 
Žҳ𣡡 ޻ŶԷתҪ뿪Űֵʱ һֻֽŽİס 
ʲô˼ҿԸɧŵģ޻תҪƿӿ ӣȴԼȫ޷ͶԷ⣬ſɶһ һİ˹ 
ҽ߸ĸģǲǸΪ˷𣿡ӳϴ˿ ˵ 쵰Ҳ˭ŽģϿߣȻҪ 
ÿСûܹί޻ȻǿĽţ˿ûע⵽а Ŀ⡣ û˰ѽԼģװ޹ı飬˵ 
˵һ㣬ҪСѨŶ˸ˣҽ ƽָ̣ ƽ֪иҽã׵ķẒ́ 
ȴûеõйȻʱ޷õ㣬ôΪˣ ңռϣ޻ӦûǸŮڽϲƷ 
ζһƽɣǣѡһᣬ͵͵ ҽԺĹ׼һ׷ 
޻Įɢһ˿־Ϯͷ˴Ļǵı жһûô򵥣ѵԼضʮٽҪ 
ȻԼҽԺһֱԡɽˡĳƺţҲû кʲôڰֲֿô䵽Լͷأ 
޻˼ԽԽңҲǰ˫֮ ӵϢѬȻ˯֪УŮ鷿ӽ׳ż 
ѹɱƽԷ߸·Ķϣȵ¶ȴ ֹ ƽҪȹӵʱ޻͵ľѣܿѹ 
ţ˰ ƽûֹ޻ĺУеĥţܶ 
Ǿ߷ĴŮ㲻᲻֪ɣǹأ豸 õҪ㺰ƺҲ֪ģҾϲ㺰 
㺰ԽҾԽ˷ܡ ޻۾һֻ˵СӰ㿴ŶԷ㣬 ߰ɣҡҲҪ 
ƽ̯һԲҩĴתԹԵĳ ʣµľͽҺˣ ⡭ʲô 
ƽһѰסŮӵ鷿Ū˼£ȻϾ˵ ҪСŶĺöм۸ߴһǧ 
мأõģٵļֵɡ ܽƽʮֵƽڵ˶ȴһζ 
޻߾ȫҡԴһͷƮݵĳҵķ裬Ҳ ԡޡſҡ 
ƽЦҡҡͷһסŮӵգǿȶԷſյӣ ҩ˽ȥȻס޻Ŀڱǣֹҩ³ 
ҩŮӵĿѸܽ⣬޷޻ε״£ ܽķĩſˮ˶ӣĸоһ˳ʺ 
ȥһ˲䣬·һ㣬۽ǾĻ䡣 ƽɿƣ޻ѹǽϣȺҩνһǮһ 
ֻöȻֵһ޻ֻ巢ȣͨ 죬һֱ鷿ϴĸоؿƵü 
δСѨƺֻҧǳɣ أƽһ촽޻ݣһ˫ 
ˮ۾촽΢΢³˿ķ㡣 ޻ƴתԼע⣬Ҫѣǣ 
ôŬ廹ԽԽӵĴ˫ħѲӣ ÿһطܹ޵Ĵ顣޻Ťƾʵӭĳ 
ӵַСɵϺͰԵôҪģ һˣһҪٵĶˡ 
ƽͷ˿Ůӵأ޻ĿǻһƵ̲Ϣ ڱǼεӵĻУԱ׾ͶԷһ 
ʪҺ˵Ŀǻйȥһ ڷ졣 ӱһĽ⿪ļ¶ڿУƽ뿪Ůӵ촽 
ϸĲӣ䵽޻ǰŮӵȥȥ ס޻ͷզ 
š޻һָӵķ䣬ͦѩ׵鷿 ƽĿС ƽס鷿Ⲧ˵飬ڻԲİӡ 
ĳݺۡͬʱִŮӵȹ룬ָڿıԵ˽ȥ ̱ŮӵˮŪʪ 
δ˵ѴģСˮԵʪ ƽָͷ׾ٵŢխס 
Сйɵ̰ҧӵָ⡣ ƽĳ鶯ָˮԼţһõĸо 
е޻ϢţСƨһҡһڣԷʺ ƽŮӵȼץס޻ڿ㣬һ 
һ޵ڿȥƽ΢һ׳Ůӵ˽ ճҺȾͷˬĸоһĵףеĹ 
ͷڴĥȥױȵ⡣ ޻ͱҩûҷϵƣ 
ͼԷиڣǽƽȴƫ⣬ڽҪͷһŤ һ˿ȥŪ޻һʵ̬ 
㲻ǺҪǿôˣöˮأҪҸ ĻҰɣȻұС潸Եﴫ޻ 
ĶУܽһ߷쳣ȴ³෴䡣 ĥˣҪɣ 
ƽЦУֳſŮӵŻֱǵıĤС Ѩдû˵ľﴳ룬屻ƽҪָԭ״ 
ȻһȦȦֻܰţĦţ ҧţӸĿ֡ 
šô󡭡޻һ߸̾һײȥŮĤƬƬ ѣһ˿Ѫϵļ϶˳ʹǵûֹ 
෴ģŮ˫ַס˵βһף֧˽ȥ ǰײͷϣ޻ʱõһ˿ 
ͣƽȴûи˿Ļ壬һץסһ֧鷿֫ٵİڶ ڸձƹϵкֱײÿζֱֱĶڻϣ ۵Сĵ䡣 
ŶһҪҪ޻֪Ĵ󺰴У ӵĳ壬һδεͦӭӴ޿е 
Щأƽ˼ʮº󣬺Ȼг ѼСĹͷһǴһƿ 
ģˮȪˮӿ˳ѩ׵Ĵȥ滹 һ˿Ѫ ʧȥһƬ޻ֻеһĿ飬·ƽ 
һ飬ͰġΡ˵궼Ƶģо ãһ˫Ǵ鷿 
ƽ޻ϣƿӣڴ̨ϣԼ ס޻ƬΣںüƣٴ볱ʪСѨ 
ٴα룬޻жϲе Сƨһǰһҡţӿ籩ĳ 
һδεػɵ̧ͷз˻ǵҹ 紵޻̵Ľϣ裬ƮķżҲ 
ǰ˫裬¹£һѩ巢ɢžӨĹâ ޻ϰ⣬һ鷿ӵĻ˶ǰڵ 
Ȼôˬ죬޷˼Ҳȥ˼ĿǰĴֻ֪ ԽĿ֡ Ŀһ࣬ڰУ˫ӫӫ۾˸޻ٿһ 
ŷΧĴ̽ݣһֱţм ˵ǻſˮԵĿۡ ǲǳҽû뵽ôأ 
Ǿǣû ʲôϡģһĮŮˣĶǺܺɫأ 
С޻ʶԼ ϱ˫ŬԼٷ˵ĴϢӿ͸ 
뷨ӲʵһδεĵеĲλ۵Ļļ ĥ÷飬޻ȫ޷ֵܶĹ֪У ٴ 
˵Զȥ޻ԽԽߣ۵ˮ磬 ۵ĻƬƬɢ˫Ҳض𣬳ڰգһĲ 
ȻҺ޻ϣҪ𣿡޻ֲȥ ϵˮ飬桭ôЩճأ۹бϷ 
ȻһڷɿŪųªģ ľҺ ƽͷԼ޻ĹɼŮӵˮ 
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ı˹ȥƽ޹ǵӣֻʪ ģηֲǾҺˮҺëϵȾڹĵذ ϡ 
ҵˣ⻹ֻǿʼ ŷﵵ-4 ھ¡ ޻ʧˣ Žյ֪ϢѾǵ磬̵ᣬû 
ʱɷ飬ջǴרŸʧٰ֪ͬ ģԣڵʱνţǷͷİӣ̸ϻؼ С 
̲ڼңմһͨ绰̵Ҽһ Ӻʹ᲻ֹĸ ޻䲻ʹÿȥԭʮ־ĸ࣬ƽʱ 
ɾ˿ȴֻĬĬɳϷһ̣ʲôλ̬ ҪˣֻһʧȥСŮˣһˡ 
̿ȥҲƣҪڰοԼĸףȴԵ ףʵڲ֪˵ЩʲôһеĿû壬üƽ 
Ц̸һİӿͷҪŬŷıӣ ĸ׿ģ򣬽˸ʹ 
ɷҲֻ΢˵ͷڸû 飬ֻϣ΢תһĸ׵ע⡣ 
裬ģҵͬѾѼһЩϾͿҵ ޻ģͲҪ̫ˣŪӣ޻ˣҲ 
ġһ˵ţһ߸ĸ˱ˮ ̧ͷһƷĽգʵ޻ ûƭң 
ôأ˿˰˵ӣѾṩ ˵ò˳֮Ϳȷ˵ˣʱ 
ܾȳ޻ģĸӣղò˸ѣʵ֪ û˼ˡ ǾͺãǾͺã˲԰׵ֳһ˿תͷ˿Ů 
˵޻ܿҪؼˣ ǵģҶˣҪˣȻɷ һЩȴҲֻشš 
ˣ̣ͽȻȥɣҲûúϢ޻ ˣҾʹ绰֪ͨ㣡֪۴ŮŮ 
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˵ҪˣͷӿгˣһҲ֪ ϢҪףһ¡ǻȥɣû£˾ǿĸڷ 
ŮŮϳš վſںţ裬ҲúϢ㡣 ǡһɫķŽǹ档 
ҸطЩȻһͬصУһֱû ô˵Ϊ̫ͣҲû⣬뵽 
أ صУѾϰ˵ҡȥ˸裬Żص £ϴ֮Ҳ˽ԡ 
۵ɵôģѩ׵컨񣬡ô ǼأһϵģѵҪֵȥ˵ 
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һɷдԼڣһ ڴϣԱɷһĶ 
հĦӵ壬ϵ£һһļŬ£ ƣԵЩӲļһɳ 
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ʱѾ׷Ǽ飬ϾõʧҲܴ𺳣 ֻҪɷ۰ʱַĵĿ־塣 
գҪҰɡ˵öԷ޷ĳ嶯 Ὣӵ£¶Ľϣ 
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ȥΪǱ𣬾Ȼ˵Һúް һ˲䣬ήȥһªëë£ 
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гٳٲ۾ȴ˿̾Ȼ Сޱȣɵ߷쳣㣬쵰 
ƿգ´ҵȹ˳ȥ ̣ôˣҪȥﰡѹæе 
ߣòܣĺԼŭˤŶ ȥ½һڴĺ£ҵʲô 
̳ţҹһղһʱ嶯 ûпǾҳߣѾˣֻɸĸ 
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ͷţ֪УС԰С̧ͷһ ֻһվһԻԸֶҹҵһ³ 
ǸȹԼӡ ֪ôģǸϤӰȻһеĸо 
ҵһСߵƽߣʵôأ ףԭ㰡˯ţתתأƽЦ˵ 
ʵǿӵ̷޵ĲͣһϹ ҲǣýŵϵСݣ˵зඣ 
ֻһЩϵ⣬ƽ˵ţժһʻݵ ǰ͸㣬˼񲻴˳أ 
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Σƽ˸˵ҹˣؼҰɣ ѿںʶԼʧ̬ 
˵ˣ˾ȥϢɣٴһ ƽ¶һȻ飬ŶԭҼпշ䣬 ȥҼҺˡ 
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Ư׼裬Ҹ̣һŶ˵꣬Ƭ ϣתȥڻ谵ĵƹ£Ƭһòи¶΢ 
ЦԵĽһࡣ ƽϢ̵ķУůıѣһְ 
̵ظϣһֱֻŮӵ壬صش̽ţ Ħš ̴ʱѾڰ״̬ټϸղűɷδõ 
㣬ԺоȻַ֪ʥأΪַһ Σû㣬ͦӣӭӶԷĴ֡ 
ƽ˫ޱȵֽϵ⿪˿ûоԷ ѾõȫλǶȵĽӴ̵ļ 
һ˿ʺͷʱź촽ڱѹһ ȼգҵľ 
˵ͷ໥ײ鷿ڽƽ׳ǰţ 任Լ״ʱƽʱ͹ӵںڲݵл 
Ѫ׳ĹͷȥҲΪڣ̵ УˮһʹѨȾһƬʪ 
ҹһûȷΣأôͳˮ˰ ƽϸĵĿӣ֪ǰ¾ţȴ 
û˿ͣ٣ʱ죬סԼԺλã̵ н һԣ˶Ĺͷ˳ĽŮӵѨʱ̲ 
ѣһԭǽƽѹԼϣޱȣ ȻԷѾҪԷƿƽͺһһͣ Էڡ 
ͻһӦѩ׵ĳһ ̣˳ڶԷ䣬з 
ƽûȥ̵ԼĿǻȻͷ Ķ㣬˱š̵һʱռݣ˼§ŶԷ 
Ĳӣ߾ȫӵǡ ȵ飬̲Ŵƿƽ 
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һΣ·Ϊٴιٶ衣 ֻƽſǻڶ𣺡̣Ұ㣬̫ˣ 
ӵһμ㣬Ҿ޷Լȥ㣬ҪһԶһ ԶԶ ʱǸӰţֿмŮԣ 
һ߷Ūͷһ˵ţǺοأѾ˰ ҺõŮӶǡ ҲҪֻҪһˣû˵꣬ƽĻͷ˵ 
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ǰʶŪ ƽȻţ˫ֿס̵˫壬Ůӵĳȼϼͷ 
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ȻǿҵĿг̵Ҳڴĺ̵ ϻǸֳһƬĺΣ·ΪԼΪеɬ 
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Ĳ˲ȫһ𣬴Ļ۴ӹ йδĿнûֻţ 
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һӰĴӺڰĽ˳ ޻ô㣡꾪ȵĿɫ԰׵Ůҽʦ޻ 
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ĽǰڷŵĴҲͣĴĲҽкʹ ôǿҲ޷ĥ 
Ϊ˷ֹ޻˯ţƽ˹˳õľУͷ׶ Ѩһͷ㷢ľϣ廹һ޴ֻܽҪ 
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ڳſһ˽ȥ þûеõ꣬һܵĲ룬ǿҵ 
б鲼ȫԼĴҲ˲޻Ավţ ֻǸĸоţŲһӣڶԷܸ˳ Ļ 
ˮֳ㣬Ůӽʱɬͨͨƽ ɵѨг˼£ƺûʲôоǣעȫ 
ڱöĹһһεĽŮӵͦ С˽ȥķҲС˺ܶ࣬ͷһֱӹ вϳ 
ƽǰ˽ӹУůˮʹ鵽һָо ֮ˮԴȪһ˲䣬·ܵŮС 
ĻĹͷʵ棬漫ˡ ûãƽȻùͷɡһǿҵѹţ 
ѨеҲеޱȵѹǹǳĺˮһ㣬һ һѸͣһֱһǿЩزסء 
ǹɣƽ̾Ϣţֹͣ˳ͣͣŮӵ Уš γˡҪˡҪ˰ʹ 
һʹӹʲ˲ĿѹҲ ޷ܵԽȤԵĸܵӲȣ 
ԷиֲԸĵ˻ȥȻһ䶯 ļͷ̶̨ϣֻƴŤ׾˫̨ 
Ĵţһİš һֵĹų塢ӵӣȵʱ ͷ󺹣ϵļŤŵôģٵĴ 
㣬ҰѺôνҲ֪ ԼڽӣĿǰģܱһѪ 
ȴһҲûУۿгˮԵô  ȻϣӲûлӦһԸƽֻ 
ĿµиƺڳЦ޴ 찡޹ģŹɣѵһҲû𣿡 껹Ŭ 
ԣаְֻ׳ղŻšԱơ׷ ԾҪ㡱ֻڲϵУܽĺ 
Цᵽпʵ ޻ŹҵĺӰɣĺˮˮ֯һ 
ҳһţȫ޷˼ֻһȫԼ ӡԣУȻһĬĬ޻ 
˵ľ޻ʹţҲһ ѣǿǵĴȴ˵쳣ĮĻ 
ûȥһֵĹʼˡϴγʱ仹 ʹü죬ȴֻܷСްĵȼҵĲţ ӹʹӡ 
ʱҲ𽥼٣ƽǯ¸͵ ޣҲԸֻǵȴһסǰ˫裬׳ 
նƿ谭խгš ʹʱܣⱻǿмʹȴ޷ 
ĬȻҵĺţҡͷĽڷлص ͣͣϣƽһ߷ĳţһߴŴ 
˵ýҸɹˬˬ ͷӹкҴȻ䣬ƺĳֶҺ 
ӹӿƽʱ˵ĳܹײҺ˳Ʒ мξȻ˽ƽĽë֮ϡ ۣöˮĸ 
޻ȻҶԽƽκηʱҲ޷Ĭȥ ͵ˣЩҺˮˮһƣСû ϳǾͻˡ 
ǾƽѨжţ˿ûͣ˼ ˣɬ޻Ͳţ棬 Сӳġ 
£ҽôңûæ𣿡˵꣬ һǾûŪҲһҽС 
޻˿ߵ꣬ȴҧԼ˵ͷ ޻֣͹ĶţȷµĲλ 
ĵڻȵļϣ겻ɵô˸ս޻ʱȥ ʧ˫ۣҧڣһƺ 
Ѫð˳ŻԲС̨ϡ Ѿʹιȥˣ޻ۿͬת峺ˮҶ 
ɣĶŻһӣֽ̽ȥʿӹȡ ĺӣȴƽһס 
ôأʱĻ˶ƽȥЩƣ ۾ȴ˸쳣˷ܵ顣޻Цݣһ ȥ 
ƽ֮Уһ޻еУ˵ ֺиĶϸһĶʱһѪܵġʮ 
֡޻æס˽ƽĸ첲˵ˣһӾͿ ȡ˰Ϣһ£ɣ 
ƽ۹ɨ޻ŵæ˻ȴֲ֪÷ źãֻǶ߶µվţҲҶഭһ¡٣˵Ҫ 
æ𣿹˵ûҽźƽһ˵ţ һץסļ⣬һӲĽиĴ˺˿ 
޻һȻѾ뵽ԷЩ̵ľٶ Ǳǰһûɢ 
һ߿ĲҽдĿд˺ѷεʹ ӻתһۣ㿴Լ䶯ĳθˮ ݳ 
ƽһˣæԸ޻ǿļιȥ ˣ ޻еˮڲܿƵ׼õҩע 
ֱϵѪܣﲻͣ˵ԲҶԲ㣬Բ𣬶Բ Բ𰡡 ʱƺѾˣ϶˵޻Ҳˣ 
㡭ԡտҵġӡĸԵĹ ҫ޻ֻһĵͷӦǡ 
ƽŮ˵ĽǲΪȻָĵң õһСףȻŮӵϣīɫĵ֭һһε 
ĿУ˵ԼǰɣǾͶೢˮˣ Ͷ̥ʱҪǵýĿ࣬ӲŻأ 
۾ĽתƵƽϣ۹бޱȵĳޣ Ŀɱ˵Ļƽǧٿˣһһٵ˵ 
ҪڽһУҪЩʹǧٱ Ļ㣡 ӲȺúûһ̰ɣƽ˵ţ 
ŮӵĴţֻʹʹǸоһ ֻɶСԼĳУץȴץܼˡ 
ˣˣӾҪ˰޻ƽ ʵ飡ƽĩβĴ󳦣 
ĹܵŮ⣬Ķ鴤һ£ƺܸ ֿ顣 
ƽѪĳӣֻһЩɫķӴ ЩٶֻŮӼ΢ĺ߽УϾܵ˴˺ 
ô׺ݵĥҲֻǧصټһɳ⣬Ҳʵ ûˡ ˰ɣŮ˻ģôĴ㣡ƽ 
ĿУ԰ɣŮˣϿҳȥȻھ ɵŮ ΨһϣԼӹŮĬĬѹǿҵĶĸУ 
һһڵԼķ㡣 ȵԷʲȥƽŽӳȻ 
̽ȥŪŮӵθȻ£µĴųһ һļ˳ٴδԭȵĳڴ 
ʦûƭңͨ·ŵģƺ֤Сʱѧ ֪ʶƽЦţٴĿУȻֿʼ Ļ 
รˬҵĳڵٷ׷ҡΣһ ʢһ㣬ȥӵĽǶȿȥһһ 
ģʵķӦŹͷ״̬ ιιιŮûҪ˵ˣ· 
Ҫ֤Լ˵ûƽڸ̲ӹȻָĺ ˵ɣСɫŮҵĴϷţٺ٣ȥ أ 
ӣҵĺӣʱ겻֪ƴ ĺŽţ˫ֲΡΡա 
㣬ʲôÿģ㶼ҪˣƽӴŮ ȡϡ 꽫Ѫ۵ŮڻȪˮ¡ 
ƽȻͦڰγ޻ʶȤĹڵϣ СΪŷ Ĵźӵıеˮ³Ϊ 
Ŀ޺ȴֻ˻˻ĳֽ̻ţı ӣôˣ 
ľýƽܲͷչȥһ£ȻȻ¶һ ˼ı飬ǺǣϾûҽ˵㣬ܸ 
ˣҲãڻȪ·ϲ̫į ޣҪɱ㡭ɱ㣡 ƽ޻˼£ץŮӤǵľҺ 
Сȥֵ̫ˣٳ˵ľҺɣ 찡ô۰쵰ɣŮ˵Ľ ôҡ 
ƽЦһֱװűأǻôʹ࣬Ҿ ģĸŮһ̣ 
ѪȾĸŮһաԣŶԹһԵ޻˵ ϳˣ ˣ޻˫ϥأƽǰԼ鷿Ħ 
Ŭˣӻϣʹ ȱҾɣ ȻӦȴصһţ޻ʱһѪȾɵ 
ӡֻĮ˵ŮˣȻΥҵ 㲻֣ҾͰһաҲںһ 
΢޻ְɡ ޻ߣĽĲ̧§ 
Լǰ׺ԲҰﲻ㣬Һһ ȥɣ Ÿ޻ԣС˵㡭һҪȥ 
ҡᡭӡߣΪǱ𡭡 ޻þȫͷ 
֣ӵŭУ޻¶˾ģվ סաֱһѪеֻ꣬ĿɢͷĴ 
һԣ鴤ţ֪Щʲô޻ʹѵȴֲò ִнƽһգĴһѹա 
ֻкһĸŮնĶΡ ʮһ¡赶 賿룬Žһνӵĵ绰ζԷûٵ 
θڣֻڱ֮¼򵥵һ䣺ûؼҿ šͲдһĺЦȻԷ͹Ҷˡ 
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ܲôˣͣԺɣǣһţ۵糸 ʻȥ ˡһҵķű˴ײȻо 
ѣͷ󺹵ɷ򣬲ʵôˣ ȶһƣȻڷһȦ 
ʵûôɣûз쳣 񾭲㣬Һúõôǲǻͷˣ˽Σ Ȼӵɧ 
Բ𰡣Ϊ˵Ȼֹסͷ ̫Ĺǣǻһת˵Ҳûʲôֻǻ 
Ϣɣҵȸ绰 ̸ЩʲôѾ߳ȥˣǵڶ绹 
һѰźõĽѧ˿ΣҲֻѹеǣ˯ ˵ĿţȻҺۣڿоغţȵ 
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ķ궼ΪУס۵裬ӣֻ ǰ˾Ŀԣֱġһ죬ֵ 
ˣʲôÿģ ôһҲ úúã֪𣬻Ͽȥ˯ߺߴٵ 
ˣҿ㣡ˬʵЦ¸ڽϣ ķնˣְ̱ҲνΪ֪Լϧ ˻ 
߳ȥûԶͱͣˣǰ治Զһʮ·ڣʮ ˷ȻѾͣһʱ䡣 
ȥս⿪ȫһԵ˵ һ£Һһȥ֪ôģһֲԤ 
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ӷףԵ·Ǻܺ Ȼߴһ磬ϵĳҶڰз 
ɰУ˵ӰԼζ·ӭ裬У ȴǴĵһֹĸо 
ʲôϿУմĺǳţǰȥ æϣ׼ʱֹɷľٶԷŪ̫ 
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ʱƽҲ˱õǸӻðɣ㵷ʲ ôңϹ 
۾ôģԶ԰׵ϲ˿飬 Ὠյĺȡ ̵Ȼ֪꼴裬½һŭ֮»ɵ£и 
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һ뽫·ߣȴкȻһת ʱ°ѾֿµĲȻԭǻ 
вһЩϵĳӺ࣬ϰԼ§ţѪ ܵٷ׷£ġΡΡӹһأһ 
ѪһѪԼĽűϣ㱿ȥƺڲͣ 䶯 ̾һ߿ȴŶյϣϸ 
ʱԭǰӤ壬ֻմѪСڽճµĿڴϣ Ƶİȥһ̱ڵأ˹ȥ 
ҲǰһоˣıþȻ˲̵ɱ ĺҲնΣЩıԵ 
УҪлѹʹͷŭͳͳйȥ꣬ ŷ̵ڵһչ˲ϱģæ̣ܻسӡ 
𴦣ɣӵһ˳ȥ򸽽ҽԺ ҽôסմӼ߳ҽʵ 
Ŷûʲô£ֻǾŹȵʱԣϢһ¾ͻõģ ҽһժףһ߽ţУѾУԺٷ 
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ʧɫ֪ϴκӽһǰڶСѩʬ 屻ֵӣϻؼϢʱ٣֮ 
һֱھйҹûлͬеһҲԼ գڣôͻȻð˸ӣҲţӾȻᱳ 
Լסҽ󣬴ĺܣƭң ļƷ·Ĳ˺ͻʿ׷ײĿ 
ʶԼʧ̬һɣǸҽ˻첲 ˼һűʹһ˵ҽ 
Ц𣿲ȥ鱨棡 ջţ粻ۿҲһˮʧա 
ʹһвͣķӿǰһ أȴȫ˸ģֲ⼸μʱЩŹ֣ԭ 
˱˵ĺӣԼһֱڹ ̶ԼĵıĸԺȴ 
ȵαɲǼ䣬ңһƬհף˲ ײײ߳ҽԺĴţʬķӣĿĵ 
ʻţǰشԼȥĵط 磬һ㲵Ľڻص˾֣˼ֻ֮ 
ӦĵطȰİˣٿǼ 飬ϾΪǾΡûô޹һˣɶ 
ɱ˱ãԼϾ˳룬ȥ ӣܲȻղ֪Ǹӻеļһ 
ζץﷸ һ칫ңͱֳ֪ͨһˣϢ̸ ˹ȥ׼һεĳѵ 
û뵽ξֳ˵̬ȵǺܺͰΪ˱ õĲҶýձܴ˵һ˿οŲ豭 ˵ֳҡ 
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ҲˣϵͳĹ涨참Աܺ˵ѣ ֹֹ˽ǷӦһɰ 
ɫ˵ҪץסǸ쵰 㿴㿴Ҹ˵ܹ˽ҧгݵģ޲ 
˳Ƶģô참㻹ݼȥɣʲôʱ ӣȺҵ֪ͨ ճ׾ˣһ㣬һҲᣬ 
Ҫôȹңңڵĳٰתſڡ һ¡ֳĺýȻͷžֳ 
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塭ϵĵ绰ͻȻ𣬽ͣһ ˹ȥͲ Ŷӳ˵ûʲô񰡣ôץ𣿡 
ôĿɺޡ ô Ҳô˵Ҳᣬϵֿ⡱ 
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Žմ˿վڲֿ룬ȹ۲һµΣ ۵ľ飬ֻϤΧĻµлȡ 
ˣŽյһϺȣƽһವӺ ת˳ЦһŭĽա 
㣡һ۾ϳ˶Է̻ˣ Լ۾ȥĶŵôԼҪҵ أ 
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ΪʲôƽĴЦ˭Ȣ˸ ţƫƫҿأΪ˵õһûѹأ 
ôҲֵõģǰ۵С֡ӡˮ ûý˼伫Ʒ 
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ʱ򣬲ֿͻȻ˾壬һҵĽŲ ӰгĽкţѾΧˣ 
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ȥٲǹʱغʱľڿˣֻ ǹƬ̱㽫մѣѪȾӣջĿ 
ԲȻ£ǲʡ ףôһѵǹֳʱе 
Σ뺣еĽƽҲӰޣãľ쳷˻ȥ ХУƺΪԩĽƽ 
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֮ʱɻΪɷᶪԼܣڵ֪ԼеϢ֮ ˽ʵࡣû˱ĺ˭ģҲΪ 
̲һؼңһ˼俧ݾ˼ɷ͡ ҲĲᣬղųŲã̾ͻص 
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ôͣһжҵĴΨһϣԭң ±ӻޡ 
һֻȵĴְסļͷתУ һϤЦǰԼй֮Եƽ 
ƽ̵˵ͷ߹ȥ֧㣬Žյλ ľ˸˵ŴӢţףԸͬץﷸ ο֮顣 
ʲôڻ֮ʵȴֽƽһ Ҳݡ ƽ̲ȥϵ飬ȴԷڰգεĽ 
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