feat(frontend): Phase 1 UX foundation — react-router v6 + responsive AppShell

Atomic foundation for the consensus-approved UX modernization (makes the
platform URL-addressable, refresh-safe, and mobile-usable for hospital demos).

- Migrate hand-rolled useState page switching → react-router v6 (routes.tsx,
  thin App.tsx auth gate, NavLink SideNav, lazy+Suspense per route)
- Add responsive AppShell: persistent rail (lg:) ⇄ off-canvas drawer + hamburger
  (<lg); kills hardcoded ml-[200px]; usable at 375px
- Add ui primitive kit (Skeleton/LoadingState/EmptyState/Card/Panel/Segmented)
- Sweep all raw "加载中..." text loaders → skeleton primitives (G4)
- Centralize test ids (utils/testids.ts); rewrite e2e for URL nav (17/17 pass:
  deep-link, refresh-preserves-page, back, 375px drawer/no-scroll)
- Harden DemographicAnalysis against API shape mismatch (defensive normalize)
- gitignore playwright-report/ and test-results/

Gates: tsc --noEmit 0 · pnpm build ok · e2e 17/17 · grep 加载中 zero outside ui/

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

.gitignore

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ cache/
 logs/
 mlruns/
 .playwright-mcp/
+frontend/playwright-report/
+frontend/test-results/
 *Zone.Identifier
 # Transcription processing intermediates
 Outputs/transcript/chunks/

frontend/e2e/user-flows.spec.ts

@@ -1,242 +1,291 @@
 /**
- * US-007 + US-008: E2E user flow and UI state tests.
+ * Phase-1 acceptance tests: URL-based navigation, responsive layout, and core user flows.
- * Simulates real user workflows through the CBPOA system.
+ * Rewrites the previous click-nav suite for react-router v6 URL navigation.
+ *
+ * Auth strategy: seed localStorage['cbpoa_token'] via addInitScript (App.tsx gates on
+ * token presence only; no server validation). Backend is mocked via page.route so the
+ * suite runs hermetically without a live :8000 backend.
  */
-import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
+import { test, expect, Page } from '@playwright/test';
+import { TESTIDS } from '../src/utils/testids';
 
-const BASE_URL = 'http://localhost:3000';
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-test.describe('认证流程 (Authentication Flow)', () => {
+/** Seed auth token and mock all /api/** calls before each page load. */
-  test('显示登录页面', async ({ page }) => {
+async function seedAuthAndMockApi(page: Page) {
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
+  // Prevent login gate from appearing.
-    await page.waitForTimeout(1000);
+  await page.addInitScript(() => {
-    // Should see login form or app (if cached token)
+    localStorage.setItem('cbpoa_token', 'e2e-test-token');
-    const isLogin = await page.locator('input').count();
-    const isApp = await page.locator('nav').count();
-    expect(isLogin > 0 || isApp > 0).toBeTruthy();
   });
 
-  test('登录表单可交互', async ({ page }) => {
+  // Mock backend responses so the suite is hermetic — no live :8000 required.
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
+  // Each response must match the TypeScript interface shape; returning {} causes
-    await page.waitForTimeout(1000);
+  // pages to throw when accessing expected array properties.
+  await page.route('/api/**', (route) => {
+    const url = route.request().url();
 
-    const inputs = page.locator('input');
+    if (url.includes('/alerts')) {
-    const count = await inputs.count();
+      route.fulfill({
-
+        status: 200,
-    if (count >= 2) {
+        contentType: 'application/json',
-      // Login page is shown
+        body: JSON.stringify({ alerts: [], total: 0 }),
-      await inputs.first().fill('admin');
+      });
-      await inputs.nth(1).fill('admin123');
+      return;
-
-      const loginBtn = page.locator('button[type="submit"], button:has-text("登录"), button:has-text("Login")');
-      const btnCount = await loginBtn.count();
-      if (btnCount > 0) {
-        await loginBtn.first().click();
-        await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
     }
+
+    if (url.includes('/history/aggregated')) {
+      route.fulfill({
+        status: 200,
+        contentType: 'application/json',
+        body: JSON.stringify({ aggregations: [], total_records: 0 }),
+      });
+      return;
     }
-    // If no inputs, user is already logged in (token in localStorage)
+
+    if (url.includes('/grids')) {
+      route.fulfill({
+        status: 200,
+        contentType: 'application/json',
+        body: JSON.stringify({ type: 'FeatureCollection', features: [] }),
       });
-});
+      return;
-
-test.describe('监测面板 (Monitoring Dashboard)', () => {
-  test('面板加载并显示统计卡片', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
-    await page.waitForTimeout(3000);
-
-    // Should show monitoring page by default
-    const statCards = page.locator('[class*="stat"], [class*="card"], [class*="Stat"]');
-    const cardsCount = await statCards.count();
-
-    // Should see some content
-    const bodyText = await page.textContent('body');
-    expect(bodyText).toBeTruthy();
-  });
-
-  test('时间线控件可交互', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
-    await page.waitForTimeout(3000);
-
-    // Look for timeline controls
-    const playButton = page.locator('button:has-text("播放"), button[title*="play" i], button[class*="play" i]');
-    const prevButton = page.locator('button:has-text("前一天"), button[title*="prev" i]');
-    const nextButton = page.locator('button:has-text("后一天"), button[title*="next" i]');
-
-    if (await playButton.count() > 0) {
-      await playButton.first().click();
-      await page.waitForTimeout(1000);
     }
+
+    // DemographicsResponse — used by DemographicAnalysis page.
+    if (url.includes('/cases/demographics')) {
+      route.fulfill({
+        status: 200,
+        contentType: 'application/json',
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          age_distribution: [],
+          gender_split: { male: { outpatient: 0, inpatient: 0 }, female: { outpatient: 0, inpatient: 0 } },
+          age_diagnosis_matrix: [],
+        }),
       });
-
+      return;
-  test('疾病筛选器可用', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
-    await page.waitForTimeout(3000);
-
-    const selects = page.locator('select, [role="combobox"], [class*="select" i], [class*="filter" i]');
-    const count = await selects.count();
-    expect(count >= 0).toBeTruthy();
-  });
-});
-
-test.describe('预警面板 (Alerts Dashboard)', () => {
-  test('导航到预警面板', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
-    await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
-
-    // Navigate to alerts - click sidebar link
-    const alertsLink = page.locator('a[href*="alert" i], button:has-text("预警"), button:has-text("告警"), span:has-text("预警"), span:has-text("告警")');
-    if (await alertsLink.count() > 0) {
-      await alertsLink.first().click();
-      await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
     }
+
+    // DiseaseAnalysis calls: diagnosis-distribution, seasonality, districts.
+    if (url.includes('/cases/diagnosis-distribution') || url.includes('/cases/disease-seasonality')) {
+      route.fulfill({
+        status: 200,
+        contentType: 'application/json',
+        body: JSON.stringify([]),
       });
-
+      return;
-  test('预警列表加载', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
-    await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
-
-    const alertsLink = page.locator('a[href*="alert" i], button:has-text("预警"), span:has-text("预警")');
-    if (await alertsLink.count() > 0) {
-      await alertsLink.first().click();
-      await page.waitForTimeout(3000);
-
-      const bodyText = await page.textContent('body');
-      expect(bodyText).toBeTruthy();
     }
-  });
-});
 
-test.describe('趋势分析 (Trend Analysis)', () => {
+    if (url.includes('/cases/districts') || url.includes('/districts')) {
-  test('导航到趋势分析页面', async ({ page }) => {
+      route.fulfill({
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
+        status: 200,
-    await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
+        contentType: 'application/json',
-
+        body: JSON.stringify([]),
-    const trendLink = page.locator('button:has-text("趋势"), span:has-text("趋势"), a[href*="trend" i]');
+      });
-    if (await trendLink.count() > 0) {
+      return;
-      await trendLink.first().click();
-      await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
     }
+
+    // Trend / time-series endpoints.
+    if (url.includes('/cases/trend') || url.includes('/cases')) {
+      route.fulfill({
+        status: 200,
+        contentType: 'application/json',
+        body: JSON.stringify({ data: [], total: 0 }),
       });
-
+      return;
-  test('趋势图渲染', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
-    await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
-
-    const trendLink = page.locator('button:has-text("趋势"), span:has-text("趋势")');
-    if (await trendLink.count() > 0) {
-      await trendLink.first().click();
-      await page.waitForTimeout(3000);
-
-      // Recharts renders SVG charts
-      const svgCharts = page.locator('svg.recharts-surface');
-      const chartCount = await svgCharts.count();
-      expect(chartCount >= 0).toBeTruthy();
     }
+
+    // Default fallback — return a safe empty object.
+    route.fulfill({
+      status: 200,
+      contentType: 'application/json',
+      body: JSON.stringify({ data: [], items: [], total: 0 }),
     });
   });
-
-test.describe('区县对比 (District Comparison)', () => {
-  test('导航到区县对比页面', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
-    await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
-
-    const districtLink = page.locator('button:has-text("区县"), button:has-text("对比"), span:has-text("区县")');
-    if (await districtLink.count() > 0) {
-      await districtLink.first().click();
-      await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
 }
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// URL-based navigation (react-router v6)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+test.describe('URL-based navigation', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await seedAuthAndMockApi(page);
+  });
+
+  test('deep-link: /analysis/disease mounts page-disease directly', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/analysis/disease');
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageDisease}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+  });
+
+  test('refresh preserves page: reload on /analysis/disease keeps URL and mounts page-disease', async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    await page.goto('/analysis/disease');
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageDisease}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+
+    await page.reload();
+
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/analysis\/disease/);
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageDisease}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+  });
+
+  test('browser back: from /analysis/trend back to /monitoring restores page-monitoring', async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    await page.goto('/monitoring');
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageMonitoring}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+
+    await page.goto('/analysis/trend');
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageTrend}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+
+    await page.goBack();
+
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/monitoring/);
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageMonitoring}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+  });
+
+  test('NavLink click updates URL to /alerts and mounts page-alerts', async ({ page }) => {
+    // Start on /monitoring. The SideNav collapses all modules except the active one,
+    // so nav-alerts (inside the "预警" module) is hidden behind a collapsed section.
+    // We must expand the "预警" module first by clicking its header button.
+    await page.goto('/monitoring');
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageMonitoring}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+
+    // Expand the "预警" module section so nav-alerts NavLink becomes visible.
+    // Both sidebar-rail and app-drawer render a SideNav; scope to sidebar-rail to avoid
+    // strict-mode ambiguity (the app-drawer's copy is also in the DOM but off-screen).
+    await page
+      .locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.sidebarRail}"] button`)
+      .filter({ hasText: '预警' })
+      .click();
+    await expect(
+      page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.sidebarRail}"] [data-testid="${TESTIDS.navAlerts}"]`)
+    ).toBeVisible();
+
+    await page
+      .locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.sidebarRail}"] [data-testid="${TESTIDS.navAlerts}"]`)
+      .click();
+
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/alerts/);
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageAlerts}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+  });
+
+  test('root / redirects to /monitoring', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/monitoring/);
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageMonitoring}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+  });
+
+  test('unknown path redirects to /monitoring', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/does-not-exist');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/monitoring/);
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageMonitoring}"]`)).toBeVisible();
   });
 });
 
-test.describe('报告中心 (Reports Center)', () => {
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  test('导航到报告中心', async ({ page }) => {
+// Responsive layout
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
 
-    const reportsLink = page.locator('button:has-text("报告"), span:has-text("报告"), a[href*="report" i]');
+test.describe('Responsive layout — mobile @375px', () => {
-    if (await reportsLink.count() > 0) {
+  test.use({ viewport: { width: 375, height: 812 } });
-      await reportsLink.first().click();
+
-      await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
-    }
+    await seedAuthAndMockApi(page);
   });
 
-  test('报告列表加载', async ({ page }) => {
+  test('hamburger is visible and sidebar-rail is hidden at 375px', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
+    await page.goto('/monitoring');
-    await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageMonitoring}"]`)).toBeVisible();
 
-    const reportsLink = page.locator('button:has-text("报告"), span:has-text("报告")');
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.hamburger}"]`)).toBeVisible();
-    if (await reportsLink.count() > 0) {
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.sidebarRail}"]`)).not.toBeVisible();
-      await reportsLink.first().click();
-      await page.waitForTimeout(3000);
-
-      const bodyText = await page.textContent('body');
-      expect(bodyText).toBeTruthy();
-    }
-  });
   });
 
-test.describe('UI 状态与错误处理 (UI States & Error Handling)', () => {
+  test('tapping hamburger slides app-drawer into viewport', async ({ page }) => {
-  test('页面加载显示加载指示器而非白屏', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/monitoring');
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageMonitoring}"]`)).toBeVisible();
-    await page.waitForTimeout(500);
 
-    const bodyHTML = await page.innerHTML('body');
+    // Drawer should be off-screen (translate-x-full) before toggle.
-    // Should have some content, even during loading
+    const drawer = page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.appDrawer}"]`);
-    expect(bodyHTML.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    await expect(drawer).not.toBeInViewport();
+
+    await page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.hamburger}"]`).click();
+
+    // After toggle, drawer slides in and becomes visible in viewport.
+    await expect(drawer).toBeInViewport();
   });
 
-  test('侧边栏导航切换页面正常', async ({ page }) => {
+  test('no horizontal scroll on default route at 375px', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
+    await page.goto('/monitoring');
-    await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageMonitoring}"]`)).toBeVisible();
 
-    const navLinks = page.locator('nav a, nav button, [class*="side" i] a, [class*="side" i] button');
+    const noHorizontalScroll = await page.evaluate(
-    const count = await navLinks.count();
+      () => document.documentElement.scrollWidth <= document.documentElement.clientWidth
-
-    if (count >= 2) {
-      await navLinks.first().click();
-      await page.waitForTimeout(1000);
-      await navLinks.nth(1).click();
-      await page.waitForTimeout(1000);
-    }
-  });
-
-  test('未出现明显 console 报错', async ({ page }) => {
-    const errors: string[] = [];
-    page.on('console', (msg) => {
-      if (msg.type() === 'error') {
-        errors.push(msg.text());
-      }
-    });
-    page.on('pageerror', (err) => {
-      errors.push(err.message);
-    });
-
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
-    await page.waitForTimeout(3000);
-
-    const filtered = errors.filter(
-      (e) => !e.includes('favicon') && !e.includes('404') && !e.includes('OLMap')
     );
-    expect(filtered).toHaveLength(0);
+    expect(noHorizontalScroll).toBe(true);
   });
 });
 
-test.describe('响应式布局 (Responsive Layout)', () => {
+test.describe('Responsive layout — desktop @1280px', () => {
-  test('移动端视口下不崩溃', async ({ page }) => {
+  test.use({ viewport: { width: 1280, height: 800 } });
-    await page.setViewportSize({ width: 375, height: 812 });
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
-    await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
 
-    const bodyText = await page.textContent('body');
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
-    expect(bodyText).toBeTruthy();
+    await seedAuthAndMockApi(page);
   });
 
-  test('平板视口下正常显示', async ({ page }) => {
+  test('sidebar-rail is visible and hamburger is hidden at 1280px', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.setViewportSize({ width: 768, height: 1024 });
+    await page.goto('/monitoring');
-    await page.goto(BASE_URL);
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageMonitoring}"]`)).toBeVisible();
-    await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
 
-    const bodyText = await page.textContent('body');
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.sidebarRail}"]`)).toBeVisible();
-    expect(bodyText).toBeTruthy();
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.hamburger}"]`)).not.toBeVisible();
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Core page loading
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+test.describe('Core pages load via URL nav', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await seedAuthAndMockApi(page);
+  });
+
+  test('/monitoring loads page-monitoring', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/monitoring');
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageMonitoring}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+  });
+
+  test('/alerts loads page-alerts', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/alerts');
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageAlerts}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+  });
+
+  test('/analysis/trend loads page-trend', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/analysis/trend');
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageTrend}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+  });
+
+  test('/analysis/district loads page-district', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/analysis/district');
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageDistrict}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+  });
+
+  test('/analysis/reports loads page-reports', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/analysis/reports');
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageReports}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+  });
+
+  test('/analysis/demographics loads page-demographics', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/analysis/demographics');
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageDemographics}"]`)).toBeVisible();
+  });
+
+  test('/analysis/environment loads page-environment', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/analysis/environment');
+    await expect(page.locator(`[data-testid="${TESTIDS.pageEnvironment}"]`)).toBeVisible();
   });
 });

frontend/package.json

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
     "react": "^18.2.0",
     "react-dom": "^18.2.0",
     "react-leaflet": "^4.2.1",
+    "react-router-dom": "^6.30.4",
     "recharts": "^2.12.0",
     "zustand": "^4.5.0"
   },

frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ importers:
       react-leaflet:
         specifier: ^4.2.1
         version: 4.2.1(leaflet@1.9.4)(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
+      react-router-dom:
+        specifier: ^6.30.4
+        version: 6.30.4(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
       recharts:
         specifier: ^2.12.0
         version: 2.15.4(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
@@ -385,6 +388,10 @@ packages:
       react: ^18.0.0
       react-dom: ^18.0.0
 
+  '@remix-run/router@1.23.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-4An71tdz9X8+3sI4Qqqd2LWd9vS39J7sqd9EU4Scw7TJE/qB10Flv/UuqbPVgfQV9XoK8Np6jNquZitnZq5i+Q==}
+    engines: {node: '>=14.0.0'}
+
   '@rolldown/pluginutils@1.0.0-beta.27':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-+d0F4MKMCbeVUJwG96uQ4SgAznZNSq93I3V+9NHA4OpvqG8mRCpGdKmK8l/dl02h2CCDHwW2FqilnTyDcAnqjA==}
 
@@ -1504,6 +1511,19 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-z6F7K9bV85EfseRCp2bzrpyQ0Gkw1uLoCel9XBVWPg/TjRj94SkJzUTGfOa4bs7iJvBWtQG0Wq7wnI0syw3EBQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.10.0'}
 
+  react-router-dom@6.30.4:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-q4HvNl+mmDdkS0g+MqiBZNteQJCuimWoOyHMy4T/RQLAn9Z29+E91QXRaxOujeMl2HTzRSS0KFPd7lxX3PjV0Q==}
+    engines: {node: '>=14.0.0'}
+    peerDependencies:
+      react: '>=16.8'
+      react-dom: '>=16.8'
+
+  react-router@6.30.4:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-SVUsDe+DybHM/WmYKIVYhZh1o5Dcuf16yM6WjG02Q9XVFMZIJyHYhwrr6bFBXZkVP6z69kNkMyBCujt8FaFLJA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=14.0.0'}
+    peerDependencies:
+      react: '>=16.8'
+
   react-smooth@4.0.4:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-gnGKTpYwqL0Iii09gHobNolvX4Kiq4PKx6eWBCYYix+8cdw+cGo3do906l1NBPKkSWx1DghC1dlWG9L2uGd61Q==}
     peerDependencies:
@@ -2157,6 +2177,8 @@ snapshots:
       react: 18.3.1
       react-dom: 18.3.1(react@18.3.1)
 
+  '@remix-run/router@1.23.3': {}
+
   '@rolldown/pluginutils@1.0.0-beta.27': {}
 
   '@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi@4.60.2':
@@ -3233,6 +3255,18 @@ snapshots:
 
   react-refresh@0.17.0: {}
 
+  react-router-dom@6.30.4(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1):
+    dependencies:
+      '@remix-run/router': 1.23.3
+      react: 18.3.1
+      react-dom: 18.3.1(react@18.3.1)
+      react-router: 6.30.4(react@18.3.1)
+
+  react-router@6.30.4(react@18.3.1):
+    dependencies:
+      '@remix-run/router': 1.23.3
+      react: 18.3.1
+
   react-smooth@4.0.4(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1):
     dependencies:
       fast-equals: 5.4.0

frontend/src/App.tsx

@@ -1,19 +1,9 @@
-import { useEffect, useState, Component, ReactNode, Suspense, lazy, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { useEffect, useState, Component, ReactNode, useCallback } from 'react';
-import { TopNav } from '@/components/TopNav';
+import { BrowserRouter, Routes, Route, useRoutes } from 'react-router-dom';
-import { SideNav } from '@/components/SideNav';
+import { AppShell } from '@/components/AppShell';
 import { useRiskStore } from '@/stores';
 import { Login } from '@/pages/Login';
-
+import { appRoutes } from '@/routes';
-const MonitoringDashboard = lazy(() => import('@/pages/MonitoringDashboard').then(m => ({ default: m.MonitoringDashboard })));
-const AlertsDashboard = lazy(() => import('@/pages/AlertsDashboard').then(m => ({ default: m.AlertsDashboard })));
-const TrendAnalysis = lazy(() => import('@/pages/TrendAnalysis').then(m => ({ default: m.TrendAnalysis })));
-const DistrictComparison = lazy(() => import('@/pages/DistrictComparison').then(m => ({ default: m.DistrictComparison })));
-const Insights = lazy(() => import('@/pages/Insights').then(m => ({ default: m.Insights })));
-const ReportsCenter = lazy(() => import('@/pages/ReportsCenter').then(m => ({ default: m.ReportsCenter })));
-const DemographicAnalysis = lazy(() => import('@/pages/DemographicAnalysis').then(m => ({ default: m.DemographicAnalysis })));
-const DiseaseAnalysis = lazy(() => import('@/pages/DiseaseAnalysis').then(m => ({ default: m.DiseaseAnalysis })));
-const EnvironmentalHealth = lazy(() => import('@/pages/EnvironmentalHealth').then(m => ({ default: m.EnvironmentalHealth })));
-
 
 interface Props {
   children: ReactNode;
@@ -55,28 +45,25 @@ class ErrorBoundary extends Component<Props, State> {
   }
 }
 
-function PageLoader() {
+// 已登录：AppShell 提供布局骨架，子路由表渲染到其 <Outlet/>。
-  return (
+function AuthedApp({ onLogout }: { onLogout: () => void }) {
-    <div className="flex items-center justify-center h-[60vh]">
+  const element = useRoutes([
-      <div className="text-text-secondary text-[13px]">加载中...</div>
+    {
-    </div>
+      element: <AppShell onLogout={onLogout} />,
-  );
+      children: appRoutes,
+    },
+  ]);
+  return element;
 }
 
 function App() {
-  const [activePage, setActivePage] = useState('monitoring');
   const [token, setToken] = useState<string | null>(() => localStorage.getItem('cbpoa_token'));
-  const alerts = useRiskStore((s) => s.alerts);
   const fetchAlerts = useRiskStore((s) => s.fetchAlerts);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (token) fetchAlerts();
   }, [fetchAlerts, token]);
 
-  const handlePageChange = useCallback((page: string) => {
-    setActivePage(page);
-  }, []);
-
   const handleLogin = useCallback((newToken: string) => {
     setToken(newToken);
   }, []);
@@ -86,41 +73,18 @@ function App() {
     setToken(null);
   }, []);
 
-  if (!token) {
   return (
     <ErrorBoundary>
-        <Login onLogin={handleLogin} />
+      <BrowserRouter>
-      </ErrorBoundary>
+        {token ? (
-    );
+          <AuthedApp onLogout={handleLogout} />
-  }
+        ) : (
-
+          // 鉴权门：无 token 时所有路由都进入登录页。
-  return (
+          <Routes>
-    <ErrorBoundary>
+            <Route path="*" element={<Login onLogin={handleLogin} />} />
-      <div className="min-h-screen bg-bg-page flex flex-col">
+          </Routes>
-        <TopNav onLogout={handleLogout} />
+        )}
-
+      </BrowserRouter>
-        <div className="flex flex-1 pt-[52px]">
-          <SideNav
-            activePage={activePage}
-            onPageChange={handlePageChange}
-            alertCount={alerts.length}
-          />
-
-          <main className="flex-1 ml-[200px] p-5 min-w-0">
-            <Suspense fallback={<PageLoader />}>
-              {activePage === 'monitoring' && <MonitoringDashboard />}
-              {activePage === 'alerts' && <AlertsDashboard />}
-              {activePage === 'trend-analysis' && <TrendAnalysis />}
-              {activePage === 'district-comparison' && <DistrictComparison />}
-              {activePage === 'insights' && <Insights />}
-              {activePage === 'reports' && <ReportsCenter />}
-              {activePage === 'demographics' && <DemographicAnalysis />}
-              {activePage === 'disease' && <DiseaseAnalysis />}
-              {activePage === 'environment' && <EnvironmentalHealth />}
-            </Suspense>
-          </main>
-        </div>
-      </div>
     </ErrorBoundary>
   );
 }

frontend/src/components/AppShell.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import { useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { Outlet } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { TopNav } from '@/components/TopNav';
+import { SideNav } from '@/components/SideNav';
+import { useRiskStore } from '@/stores';
+import { TESTIDS } from '@/utils/testids';
+
+interface AppShellProps {
+  onLogout?: () => void;
+}
+
+// 仅负责布局骨架（顶栏 / 侧栏 / 内容区），不涉及路由匹配与鉴权。
+export function AppShell({ onLogout }: AppShellProps) {
+  const alerts = useRiskStore((s) => s.alerts);
+  const [drawerOpen, setDrawerOpen] = useState(false);
+
+  const openDrawer = useCallback(() => setDrawerOpen(true), []);
+  const closeDrawer = useCallback(() => setDrawerOpen(false), []);
+
+  return (
+    <div data-testid={TESTIDS.appShell} className="h-screen bg-bg-page flex flex-col overflow-hidden">
+      <TopNav onLogout={onLogout} onToggleMenu={openDrawer} />
+
+      <div className="flex flex-1 min-h-0">
+        {/* lg 及以上：持久侧栏导轨 */}
+        <aside
+          data-testid={TESTIDS.sidebarRail}
+          className="hidden lg:block w-[200px] shrink-0 bg-bg-card border-r border-border"
+        >
+          <SideNav alertCount={alerts.length} />
+        </aside>
+
+        {/* lg 以下：离屏抽屉 + 遮罩 */}
+        {drawerOpen && (
+          <div
+            className="fixed inset-0 z-40 bg-black/40 lg:hidden"
+            onClick={closeDrawer}
+            aria-hidden="true"
+          />
+        )}
+        <aside
+          data-testid={TESTIDS.appDrawer}
+          className={`fixed top-0 left-0 bottom-0 z-50 w-[260px] max-w-[80vw] bg-bg-card border-r border-border shadow-xl transition-transform duration-200 lg:hidden ${
+            drawerOpen ? 'translate-x-0' : '-translate-x-full'
+          }`}
+        >
+          <SideNav alertCount={alerts.length} onNavigate={closeDrawer} />
+        </aside>
+
+        <main className="flex-1 min-w-0 overflow-auto p-5">
+          <Outlet />
+        </main>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}

frontend/src/components/CaseMap.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { memo, useEffect, useRef, useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { Skeleton } from '@/components/ui';
 import L from 'leaflet';
 import 'leaflet/dist/leaflet.css';
 import { geocodedApi } from '@/services/api';
@@ -340,7 +341,7 @@ function CaseMapComponent({ height = '480px' }: CaseMapProps) {
           <div className="bg-bg-card/90 backdrop-blur rounded-lg border border-border-light shadow-sm px-3 py-2">
             <div className="text-[11px] text-text-secondary">
               {isLoading ? (
-                <span className="text-text-muted">数据加载中...</span>
+                <Skeleton className="h-3 w-20 inline-block align-middle" />
               ) : error ? (
                 <span className="text-danger">加载失败: {error}</span>
               ) : (

frontend/src/components/SideNav.tsx

@@ -1,12 +1,20 @@
 import { useState } from 'react';
+import { NavLink, useLocation } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { TESTIDS } from '@/utils/testids';
 
 interface SideNavProps {
-  activePage: string;
-  onPageChange: (page: string) => void;
   alertCount?: number;
+  // 抽屉模式下点击导航项后关闭抽屉（持久侧栏可不传）。
+  onNavigate?: () => void;
 }
 
-const modules: { id: string; label: string; icon: React.ReactNode; items: { id: string; label: string }[] }[] = [
+interface NavItem {
+  to: string;
+  label: string;
+  testid: string;
+}
+
+const modules: { id: string; label: string; icon: React.ReactNode; items: NavItem[] }[] = [
   {
     id: 'monitoring',
     label: '监测',
@@ -15,9 +23,7 @@ const modules: { id: string; label: string; icon: React.ReactNode; items: { id:
         <path d="M3 13h8V3H3v10zm0 8h8v-6H3v6zm10 0h8V11h-8v10zm0-18v6h8V3h-8z" />
       </svg>
     ),
-    items: [
+    items: [{ to: '/monitoring', label: '监测面板', testid: TESTIDS.navMonitoring }],
-      { id: 'monitoring', label: '监测面板' },
-    ],
   },
   {
     id: 'alert',
@@ -27,9 +33,7 @@ const modules: { id: string; label: string; icon: React.ReactNode; items: { id:
         <path d="M12 22c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2h-4c0 1.1.89 2 2 2zm6-6v-5c0-3.07-1.64-5.64-4.5-6.32V4c0-.83-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5s-1.5.67-1.5 1.5v.68C7.63 5.36 6 7.92 6 11v5l-2 2v1h16v-1l-2-2z" />
       </svg>
     ),
-    items: [
+    items: [{ to: '/alerts', label: '预警地图', testid: TESTIDS.navAlerts }],
-      { id: 'alerts', label: '预警地图' },
-    ],
   },
   {
     id: 'analysis',
@@ -40,37 +44,35 @@ const modules: { id: string; label: string; icon: React.ReactNode; items: { id:
       </svg>
     ),
     items: [
-      { id: 'trend-analysis', label: '趋势分析' },
+      { to: '/overview', label: '总览', testid: TESTIDS.navOverview },
-      { id: 'district-comparison', label: '区域对比' },
+      { to: '/analysis/trend', label: '趋势分析', testid: TESTIDS.navTrend },
-      { id: 'insights', label: '智能洞察' },
+      { to: '/analysis/district', label: '区域对比', testid: TESTIDS.navDistrict },
-      { id: 'reports', label: '报表中心' },
+      { to: '/analysis/insights', label: '智能洞察', testid: TESTIDS.navInsights },
-      { id: 'demographics', label: '人群分析' },
+      { to: '/analysis/reports', label: '报表中心', testid: TESTIDS.navReports },
-      { id: 'disease', label: '疾病分析' },
+      { to: '/analysis/demographics', label: '人群分析', testid: TESTIDS.navDemographics },
-      { id: 'environment', label: '环境健康' },
+      { to: '/analysis/disease', label: '疾病分析', testid: TESTIDS.navDisease },
+      { to: '/analysis/environment', label: '环境健康', testid: TESTIDS.navEnvironment },
     ],
   },
 ];
 
-export function SideNav({
+export function SideNav({ alertCount = 0, onNavigate }: SideNavProps) {
-  activePage,
+  const location = useLocation();
-  onPageChange,
-  alertCount = 0,
-}: SideNavProps) {
-  const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState<string | null>('monitoring');
 
-  const handleItemClick = (moduleId: string, itemId: string) => {
+  // 当前路径命中的模块默认展开。
-    setExpanded(moduleId);
+  const moduleForPath = (pathname: string) =>
-    onPageChange(itemId);
+    modules.find((m) => m.items.some((item) => pathname.startsWith(item.to)))?.id ?? 'monitoring';
-  };
+
+  const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState<string | null>(() => moduleForPath(location.pathname));
 
   const isActiveModule = (moduleId: string) => {
-    const module = modules.find(m => m.id === moduleId);
+    const module = modules.find((m) => m.id === moduleId);
     if (!module) return false;
-    return module.items.some(item => item.id === activePage);
+    return module.items.some((item) => location.pathname.startsWith(item.to));
   };
 
   return (
-    <aside className="w-[200px] bg-bg-card border-r border-border fixed top-[52px] left-0 bottom-0 overflow-y-auto py-4 px-2">
+    <nav className="h-full overflow-y-auto py-4 px-2">
       {modules.map((module) => (
         <div key={module.id} className="mb-4">
           <button
@@ -81,9 +83,7 @@ export function SideNav({
                 : 'text-text-primary hover:bg-bg-hover'
             }`}
           >
-            <span className="w-4 h-4 flex items-center justify-center">
+            <span className="w-4 h-4 flex items-center justify-center">{module.icon}</span>
-              {module.icon}
-            </span>
             <span>{module.label}</span>
             {module.id === 'alert' && alertCount > 0 && (
               <span className="ml-auto bg-danger-light text-danger text-[10px] font-semibold px-[5px] py-[2px] rounded">
@@ -95,22 +95,26 @@ export function SideNav({
           {expanded === module.id && (
             <div className="mt-1 pl-7">
               {module.items.map((item) => (
-                <button
+                <NavLink
-                  key={item.id}
+                  key={item.to}
-                  onClick={() => handleItemClick(module.id, item.id)}
+                  to={item.to}
-                  className={`w-full text-left px-3 py-[7px] rounded text-[13px] font-medium transition-colors ${
+                  data-testid={item.testid}
-                    activePage === item.id
+                  onClick={onNavigate}
+                  className={({ isActive }) =>
+                    `block w-full text-left px-3 py-[7px] rounded text-[13px] font-medium transition-colors ${
+                      isActive
                         ? 'bg-bg-active text-primary'
                         : 'text-text-secondary hover:bg-bg-hover hover:text-text-primary'
-                  }`}
+                    }`
+                  }
                 >
                   {item.label}
-                </button>
+                </NavLink>
               ))}
             </div>
           )}
         </div>
       ))}
-    </aside>
+    </nav>
   );
 }

frontend/src/components/TopNav.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
+import { TESTIDS } from '@/utils/testids';
 
 interface TopNavProps {
   onLogout?: () => void;
+  // 移动端汉堡按钮：切换侧栏抽屉。
+  onToggleMenu?: () => void;
 }
 
 function Clock() {
@@ -13,10 +16,23 @@ function Clock() {
   return <span>{time.toLocaleTimeString('zh-CN', { hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit' })}</span>;
 }
 
-export function TopNav({ onLogout }: TopNavProps) {
+export function TopNav({ onLogout, onToggleMenu }: TopNavProps) {
-
   return (
-    <nav className="h-[52px] bg-bg-card border-b border-border flex items-center px-5 fixed top-0 left-0 right-0 z-50">
+    <nav className="h-[52px] bg-bg-card border-b border-border flex items-center px-5 z-50">
+      {onToggleMenu && (
+        <button
+          type="button"
+          onClick={onToggleMenu}
+          aria-label="打开菜单"
+          data-testid={TESTIDS.hamburger}
+          className="lg:hidden mr-3 -ml-1 w-9 h-9 flex items-center justify-center rounded-md text-text-secondary hover:bg-bg-hover transition-colors"
+        >
+          <svg className="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="2" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+            <path strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" d="M4 6h16M4 12h16M4 18h16" />
+          </svg>
+        </button>
+      )}
+
       <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
         <div className="w-7 h-7 bg-primary rounded-md flex items-center justify-center">
           <svg className="w-4 h-4 fill-white" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
@@ -28,14 +44,14 @@ export function TopNav({ onLogout }: TopNavProps) {
         </span>
       </div>
 
-      <div className="w-px h-5 bg-border ml-4 mr-4" />
+      <div className="w-px h-5 bg-border ml-4 mr-4 hidden sm:block" />
 
-      <span className="text-[13px] text-text-secondary">
+      <span className="text-[13px] text-text-secondary hidden sm:inline">
         儿童呼吸道疾病风险监测预警平台
       </span>
 
       <div className="ml-auto flex items-center gap-5">
-        <span className="text-[12px] text-text-muted">
+        <span className="text-[12px] text-text-muted hidden sm:inline">
           <Clock />
         </span>
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-[13px] text-text-secondary">

frontend/src/components/ui/Card.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import React, { memo } from 'react';
+
+export const Card = memo(function Card({
+  children,
+  className,
+  title,
+  actions,
+  testid,
+}: {
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+  className?: string;
+  title?: React.ReactNode;
+  actions?: React.ReactNode;
+  testid?: string;
+}): JSX.Element {
+  const hasHeader = title != null || actions != null;
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-testid={testid}
+      className={[
+        'bg-bg-card rounded-lg border border-border',
+        className,
+      ]
+        .filter(Boolean)
+        .join(' ')}
+    >
+      {hasHeader && (
+        <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 px-4 py-3 border-b border-border-light">
+          {title != null && (
+            <div className="text-sm font-medium text-text-primary">{title}</div>
+          )}
+          {actions != null && (
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-2 shrink-0">{actions}</div>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      )}
+      <div className="p-4">{children}</div>
+    </div>
+  );
+});

frontend/src/components/ui/EmptyState.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import React, { memo } from 'react';
+
+export const EmptyState = memo(function EmptyState({
+  title,
+  description,
+  icon,
+  action,
+}: {
+  title: string;
+  description?: string;
+  icon?: React.ReactNode;
+  action?: React.ReactNode;
+}): JSX.Element {
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-testid="empty-state"
+      className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center gap-3 py-12 px-6 text-center"
+    >
+      {icon && (
+        <div className="text-text-muted text-4xl">{icon}</div>
+      )}
+      <p className="text-sm font-medium text-text-secondary">{title}</p>
+      {description && (
+        <p className="text-xs text-text-muted max-w-xs">{description}</p>
+      )}
+      {action && <div className="mt-2">{action}</div>}
+    </div>
+  );
+});

frontend/src/components/ui/LoadingState.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import { Skeleton } from './Skeleton';
+
+export function LoadingState({
+  label,
+  testid,
+  lines = 3,
+}: {
+  label?: string;
+  testid?: string;
+  lines?: number;
+}): JSX.Element {
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-testid={testid ?? 'loading-state'}
+      className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center gap-3 p-6 w-full"
+    >
+      <div className="flex flex-col gap-2 w-full max-w-sm">
+        {Array.from({ length: lines }).map((_, i) => (
+          <Skeleton
+            key={i}
+            className={`h-4 ${i === lines - 1 ? 'w-2/3' : 'w-full'}`}
+          />
+        ))}
+      </div>
+      {label && (
+        <p className="text-xs text-text-muted">{label}</p>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}

frontend/src/components/ui/Panel.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import React, { memo } from 'react';
+
+export const Panel = memo(function Panel({
+  children,
+  className,
+  testid,
+}: {
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+  className?: string;
+  testid?: string;
+}): JSX.Element {
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-testid={testid}
+      className={['bg-bg-hover/50 rounded-md p-3', className]
+        .filter(Boolean)
+        .join(' ')}
+    >
+      {children}
+    </div>
+  );
+});

frontend/src/components/ui/Segmented.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { memo } from 'react';
+
+export const Segmented = memo(function Segmented<T extends string>({
+  options,
+  value,
+  onChange,
+  size = 'md',
+  testid,
+}: {
+  options: { value: T; label: string }[];
+  value: T;
+  onChange: (v: T) => void;
+  size?: 'sm' | 'md';
+  testid?: string;
+}): JSX.Element {
+  const sizeClasses = size === 'sm'
+    ? 'px-2.5 py-0.5 text-xs'
+    : 'px-3.5 py-1 text-[13px]';
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-testid={testid}
+      className="inline-flex items-center gap-0.5 rounded-full bg-bg-hover p-0.5"
+    >
+      {options.map((opt) => {
+        const isActive = opt.value === value;
+        return (
+          <button
+            key={opt.value}
+            type="button"
+            data-testid={testid ? `${testid}-${opt.value}` : undefined}
+            onClick={() => onChange(opt.value)}
+            className={[
+              'rounded-full font-medium transition-colors',
+              sizeClasses,
+              isActive
+                ? 'bg-primary text-white shadow-sm'
+                : 'text-text-secondary hover:bg-bg-active',
+            ].join(' ')}
+          >
+            {opt.label}
+          </button>
+        );
+      })}
+    </div>
+  );
+}) as <T extends string>(props: {
+  options: { value: T; label: string }[];
+  value: T;
+  onChange: (v: T) => void;
+  size?: 'sm' | 'md';
+  testid?: string;
+}) => JSX.Element;

frontend/src/components/ui/Skeleton.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { memo } from 'react';
+
+export const Skeleton = memo(function Skeleton({
+  className,
+  rounded,
+}: {
+  className?: string;
+  rounded?: boolean;
+}): JSX.Element {
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-testid="skeleton"
+      className={[
+        'animate-pulse bg-bg-hover',
+        rounded ? 'rounded-full' : 'rounded',
+        className,
+      ]
+        .filter(Boolean)
+        .join(' ')}
+    />
+  );
+});

frontend/src/components/ui/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export { Skeleton } from './Skeleton';
+export { LoadingState } from './LoadingState';
+export { EmptyState } from './EmptyState';
+export { Card } from './Card';
+export { Panel } from './Panel';
+export { Segmented } from './Segmented';

frontend/src/pages/AlertsDashboard.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState, useMemo, useCallback, useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
+import { LoadingState } from '@/components/ui';
 import React from 'react';
 import { useRiskStore } from '@/stores';
 import { AlertMap } from '@/components/AlertMap';
@@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ export function AlertsDashboard() {
   }, [filteredAlerts]);
 
   return (
-    <div className={isFullscreen ? 'fixed inset-0 z-40 bg-bg-page pt-[52px] p-5' : 'p-5'}>
+    <div data-testid="page-alerts" className={isFullscreen ? 'fixed inset-0 z-40 bg-bg-page pt-[52px] p-5' : 'p-5'}>
       {error && (
         <ErrorBanner
           error={error}
@@ -511,8 +512,8 @@ export function AlertsDashboard() {
       </div>
 
       {isLoading ? (
-        <div className="card p-8 text-center">
+        <div className="card p-8">
-          <div className="text-text-secondary text-[13px]">加载中...</div>
+          <LoadingState />
         </div>
       ) : filteredAlerts.length === 0 ? (
         <div className="card p-8 text-center">
@@ -570,7 +571,7 @@ export function AlertsDashboard() {
 
           {/* Risk trend chart (real data from /api/analysis/trend) */}
           {trendLoading ? (
-            <div className="card p-8 text-center text-text-secondary text-[13px]">趋势加载中...</div>
+            <div className="card p-8"><LoadingState /></div>
           ) : trendError ? (
             <div className="card p-8 text-center text-danger text-[13px]">{trendError}</div>
           ) : trendData.length === 0 ? (

frontend/src/pages/DemographicAnalysis.tsx

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import {
 import { Users, Activity } from 'lucide-react';
 import { caseApi } from '@/services/api';
 import { ErrorBanner } from '@/components/ErrorBanner';
+import { LoadingState } from '@/components/ui';
+import { TESTIDS } from '@/utils/testids';
 import type { DemographicsResponse, AgeBin, AgeDiagnosisMatrixItem } from '@/types';
 
 // --- Chart 3 helpers ---
@@ -108,9 +110,11 @@ export function DemographicAnalysis() {
   }, []);
 
   // --- Derived data ---
+  // 防御性归一化：后端返回意外形状（缺字段/类型不符）时降级为空，避免 .map 抛错
+  // 冒泡到根 ErrorBoundary 把整页白屏（与 DiseaseAnalysis/EnvironmentalHealth 的处理一致）。
   const ageData: AgeBin[] = useMemo(() => {
-    if (!data) return [];
+    const bins = Array.isArray(data?.age_distribution) ? data!.age_distribution : [];
-    return data.age_distribution.map((d) => ({
+    return bins.map((d) => ({
       age_bin: d.age_bin,
       outpatient: d.outpatient,
       inpatient: d.inpatient,
@@ -119,8 +123,8 @@ export function DemographicAnalysis() {
 
   const genderData = useMemo(() => {
     if (!data) return [];
-    const male = data.gender_split.male.inpatient;
+    const male = data.gender_split?.male?.inpatient ?? 0;
-    const female = data.gender_split.female.inpatient;
+    const female = data.gender_split?.female?.inpatient ?? 0;
     return [
       { name: '男性', value: male, color: '#3B82F6' },
       { name: '女性', value: female, color: '#EC4899' },
@@ -132,8 +136,8 @@ export function DemographicAnalysis() {
   }, [genderData]);
 
   const heatmapData = useMemo(() => {
-    if (!data) return { diagnoses: [], matrix: [], totals: [] };
+    const matrix = Array.isArray(data?.age_diagnosis_matrix) ? data!.age_diagnosis_matrix : [];
-    return buildHeatmapMatrix(data.age_diagnosis_matrix);
+    return buildHeatmapMatrix(matrix);
   }, [data]);
 
   const heatmapMax = useMemo(() => {
@@ -148,11 +152,7 @@ export function DemographicAnalysis() {
 
   // --- Loading state ---
   if (isLoading) {
-    return (
+    return <LoadingState testid={TESTIDS.pageLoading} />;
-      <div className="flex items-center justify-center h-64">
-        <div className="animate-spin rounded-full h-8 w-8 border-b-2 border-blue-600" />
-      </div>
-    );
   }
 
   const isEmpty =
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ export function DemographicAnalysis() {
       heatmapData.matrix.length === 0);
 
   return (
-    <div className="flex flex-col h-full overflow-auto">
+    <div data-testid="page-demographics" className="flex flex-col h-full overflow-auto">
       {error && (
         <div className="px-6 pt-4">
           <ErrorBanner

frontend/src/pages/DiseaseAnalysis.tsx

@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ export function DiseaseAnalysis() {
   const avgOIRatio = totalIn > 0 ? totalOut / totalIn : 0;
 
   return (
-    <div className="flex flex-col h-full overflow-auto">
+    <div data-testid="page-disease" className="flex flex-col h-full overflow-auto">
       {errors.length > 0 && (
         <div className="px-6 pt-4">
           <ErrorBanner

frontend/src/pages/DistrictComparison.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+import { LoadingState } from '@/components/ui';
 import {
   BarChart,
   Bar,
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ export function DistrictComparison() {
   };
 
   return (
-    <div>
+    <div data-testid="page-district">
       {error && (
         <ErrorBanner
           error={error}
@@ -184,8 +185,8 @@ export function DistrictComparison() {
       </div>
 
       {isLoading && (
-        <div className="mb-4 text-center py-8 bg-bg-card rounded-lg border border-border">
+        <div className="mb-4 bg-bg-card rounded-lg border border-border">
-          <span className="text-text-secondary">数据加载中...</span>
+          <LoadingState />
         </div>
       )}
 
@@ -385,7 +386,7 @@ export function DistrictComparison() {
           门诊/住院比 (O/I Ratio) 区域排名
         </div>
         {caseDataLoading && (
-          <div className="text-center py-8 text-text-secondary">病例数据加载中...</div>
+          <LoadingState />
         )}
         {!caseDataLoading && oiRatioData.data.length > 0 ? (
           <ResponsiveContainer width="100%" height={350}>

frontend/src/pages/EnvironmentalHealth.tsx

@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ export function EnvironmentalHealth() {
   }
 
   return (
-    <div className="flex flex-col h-full overflow-auto">
+    <div data-testid="page-environment" className="flex flex-col h-full overflow-auto">
       {/* Error banner */}
       {errors.length > 0 && (
         <div className="px-6 pt-4">

frontend/src/pages/Insights.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState, useMemo } from 'react';
+import { LoadingState } from '@/components/ui';
 import { useAnalysisStore } from '@/stores/analysisStore';
 import { ErrorBanner } from '@/components/ErrorBanner';
 import { ChatBot } from '@/components/ChatBot';
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ export function Insights() {
     : [];
 
   return (
-    <div>
+    <div data-testid="page-insights">
       {error && (
         <ErrorBanner
           error={error}
@@ -205,8 +206,8 @@ export function Insights() {
       </div>
 
       {isLoading && (
-        <div className="mb-4 text-center py-8 bg-bg-card rounded-lg border border-border">
+        <div className="mb-4 bg-bg-card rounded-lg border border-border">
-          <span className="text-text-secondary">数据加载中...</span>
+          <LoadingState />
         </div>
       )}
 
@@ -307,8 +308,8 @@ export function Insights() {
         </p>
 
         {anomalyLoading && (
-          <div className="card p-8 text-center">
+          <div className="card p-8">
-            <span className="text-text-secondary">异常检测数据加载中...</span>
+            <LoadingState />
           </div>
         )}
 

frontend/src/pages/Login.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 import { useState, FormEvent } from 'react';
+import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
 import api from '@/services/api';
+import { TESTIDS } from '@/utils/testids';
 
 interface LoginProps {
   onLogin: (token: string) => void;
 }
 
 export function Login({ onLogin }: LoginProps) {
+  const navigate = useNavigate();
   const [username, setUsername] = useState('');
   const [password, setPassword] = useState('');
   const [error, setError] = useState('');
@@ -20,6 +23,7 @@ export function Login({ onLogin }: LoginProps) {
       const token = res.data.access_token;
       localStorage.setItem('cbpoa_token', token);
       onLogin(token);
+      navigate('/monitoring');
     } catch {
       setError('用户名或密码错误');
     } finally {
@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@ export function Login({ onLogin }: LoginProps) {
   };
 
   return (
-    <div className="min-h-screen bg-bg-page flex items-center justify-center">
+    <div data-testid={TESTIDS.pageLogin} className="min-h-screen bg-bg-page flex items-center justify-center">
       <form
         onSubmit={handleSubmit}
         className="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-8 w-full max-w-sm"
@@ -68,6 +72,7 @@ export function Login({ onLogin }: LoginProps) {
         <button
           type="submit"
           disabled={loading}
+          data-testid={TESTIDS.loginSubmit}
           className="w-full py-2 bg-primary text-white rounded text-sm font-medium hover:bg-primary/90 disabled:opacity-50"
         >
           {loading ? '登录中...' : '登录'}

frontend/src/pages/MonitoringDashboard.tsx

@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ export function MonitoringDashboard({
   }, [setPlaying]);
 
   return (
-    <div className="flex flex-col h-full">
+    <div data-testid="page-monitoring" className="flex flex-col h-full">
       {error && (
         <div className="px-6 pt-4">
           <ErrorBanner

frontend/src/pages/OverviewDashboard.tsx

@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ export function OverviewDashboard() {
   }
 
   return (
-    <div className="flex flex-col h-full overflow-auto">
+    <div data-testid="page-overview" className="flex flex-col h-full overflow-auto">
       {/* Error banner */}
       {errors.length > 0 && (
         <div className="px-6 pt-4">

frontend/src/pages/ReportsCenter.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { LoadingState } from '@/components/ui';
 import { BarChart, Bar, XAxis, YAxis, CartesianGrid, Tooltip, ResponsiveContainer } from 'recharts';
 import { FileText, Download, Activity, TrendingUp, TrendingDown, AlertTriangle, ChevronLeft, RefreshCw } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useReportsStore } from '@/stores/reportsStore';
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ function ReportList({ onSelect }: { onSelect: (id: string) => void }) {
       </div>
 
       {isLoading ? (
-        <div className="text-center py-8 text-sm text-gray-500">加载中...</div>
+        <LoadingState />
       ) : reports.length === 0 ? (
         <div className="text-center py-12">
           <FileText className="w-12 h-12 text-gray-300 mx-auto mb-3" />
@@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ export function ReportsCenter() {
   }, [fetchReportsList]);
 
   return (
-    <div>
+    <div data-testid="page-reports">
       {error && view === 'list' && (
         <ErrorBanner error={error} onRetry={() => { clearError(); fetchReportsList(); }} onDismiss={clearError} />
       )}

frontend/src/pages/TrendAnalysis.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import { LoadingState } from '@/components/ui';
 import {
   LineChart,
   Line,
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ export function TrendAnalysis() {
   };
 
   return (
-    <div>
+    <div data-testid="page-trend">
       {error && (
         <ErrorBanner
           error={error}
@@ -211,8 +212,8 @@ export function TrendAnalysis() {
       </div>
 
       {isLoading && (
-        <div className="mb-4 text-center py-8 bg-bg-card rounded-lg border border-border">
+        <div className="mb-4 bg-bg-card rounded-lg border border-border">
-          <span className="text-text-secondary">数据加载中...</span>
+          <LoadingState />
         </div>
       )}
 
@@ -350,7 +351,7 @@ export function TrendAnalysis() {
           多年度病例对比
         </div>
         {multiYearLoading ? (
-          <div className="text-center py-8 text-text-secondary text-sm">数据加载中...</div>
+          <LoadingState />
         ) : Object.keys(multiYearData).length > 0 ? (
           <ResponsiveContainer width="100%" height={300}>
             <LineChart

frontend/src/routes.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import { lazy, Suspense, ComponentType } from 'react';
+import { Navigate, RouteObject } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { LoadingState } from '@/components/ui/LoadingState';
+import { TESTIDS } from '@/utils/testids';
+
+// 按页面懒加载，路由层负责代码分割（原先位于 App.tsx）。
+const MonitoringDashboard = lazy(() =>
+  import('@/pages/MonitoringDashboard').then((m) => ({ default: m.MonitoringDashboard }))
+);
+const AlertsDashboard = lazy(() =>
+  import('@/pages/AlertsDashboard').then((m) => ({ default: m.AlertsDashboard }))
+);
+const OverviewDashboard = lazy(() =>
+  import('@/pages/OverviewDashboard').then((m) => ({ default: m.OverviewDashboard }))
+);
+const TrendAnalysis = lazy(() =>
+  import('@/pages/TrendAnalysis').then((m) => ({ default: m.TrendAnalysis }))
+);
+const DistrictComparison = lazy(() =>
+  import('@/pages/DistrictComparison').then((m) => ({ default: m.DistrictComparison }))
+);
+const Insights = lazy(() => import('@/pages/Insights').then((m) => ({ default: m.Insights })));
+const ReportsCenter = lazy(() =>
+  import('@/pages/ReportsCenter').then((m) => ({ default: m.ReportsCenter }))
+);
+const DemographicAnalysis = lazy(() =>
+  import('@/pages/DemographicAnalysis').then((m) => ({ default: m.DemographicAnalysis }))
+);
+const DiseaseAnalysis = lazy(() =>
+  import('@/pages/DiseaseAnalysis').then((m) => ({ default: m.DiseaseAnalysis }))
+);
+const EnvironmentalHealth = lazy(() =>
+  import('@/pages/EnvironmentalHealth').then((m) => ({ default: m.EnvironmentalHealth }))
+);
+
+// 用 Suspense 包裹懒加载页面，统一加载态。
+function lazyElement(Page: ComponentType): JSX.Element {
+  return (
+    <Suspense fallback={<LoadingState testid={TESTIDS.pageLoading} />}>
+      <Page />
+    </Suspense>
+  );
+}
+
+// AppShell 的子路由表（在 App.tsx 中作为 <Outlet/> 的内容渲染）。
+export const appRoutes: RouteObject[] = [
+  { index: true, element: <Navigate to="/monitoring" replace /> },
+  { path: 'overview', element: lazyElement(OverviewDashboard) },
+  { path: 'monitoring', element: lazyElement(MonitoringDashboard) },
+  { path: 'alerts', element: lazyElement(AlertsDashboard) },
+  { path: 'analysis/trend', element: lazyElement(TrendAnalysis) },
+  { path: 'analysis/district', element: lazyElement(DistrictComparison) },
+  { path: 'analysis/insights', element: lazyElement(Insights) },
+  { path: 'analysis/reports', element: lazyElement(ReportsCenter) },
+  { path: 'analysis/demographics', element: lazyElement(DemographicAnalysis) },
+  { path: 'analysis/disease', element: lazyElement(DiseaseAnalysis) },
+  { path: 'analysis/environment', element: lazyElement(EnvironmentalHealth) },
+  // 未知路径回退到监测面板。
+  { path: '*', element: <Navigate to="/monitoring" replace /> },
+];

frontend/src/utils/testids.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// 集中管理所有 data-testid 字符串，供应用与 e2e 测试共享引用。
+export const TESTIDS = {
+  // 布局骨架
+  appShell: 'app-shell',
+  hamburger: 'hamburger',
+  appDrawer: 'app-drawer',
+  sidebarRail: 'sidebar-rail',
+  pageLoading: 'page-loading',
+
+  // 登录
+  pageLogin: 'page-login',
+  loginSubmit: 'login-submit',
+
+  // 导航项
+  navMonitoring: 'nav-monitoring',
+  navAlerts: 'nav-alerts',
+  navOverview: 'nav-overview',
+  navTrend: 'nav-trend',
+  navDistrict: 'nav-district',
+  navInsights: 'nav-insights',
+  navReports: 'nav-reports',
+  navDemographics: 'nav-demographics',
+  navDisease: 'nav-disease',
+  navEnvironment: 'nav-environment',
+
+  // 页面挂载点
+  pageMonitoring: 'page-monitoring',
+  pageAlerts: 'page-alerts',
+  pageOverview: 'page-overview',
+  pageTrend: 'page-trend',
+  pageDistrict: 'page-district',
+  pageInsights: 'page-insights',
+  pageReports: 'page-reports',
+  pageDemographics: 'page-demographics',
+  pageDisease: 'page-disease',
+  pageEnvironment: 'page-environment',
+} as const;
+
+export type TestId = (typeof TESTIDS)[keyof typeof TESTIDS];