OCR: embedded, cross-platform ONNX backend with pluggable fallback

Make on-device OCR a pluggable local service so it runs locally on every
platform (not just Windows), aimed at GoodNotes/Notability-class handwriting on
low-power hardware (e.g. Zen2 APU, CPU/iGPU).

- New OcrBackend abstraction (lib/services/ocr/): selector prefers an embedded
  ONNX recognition backend, falling back to the OS-native backend (Windows
  WinRT), and to a clean no-op when neither is available.
- OnnxRecognitionBackend: flutter_onnxruntime session from a bundled asset,
  dart:ui preprocessing (resize to 48px, CHW float32, normalized), pure-Dart CTC
  greedy decode. Fully guarded — absent model/dict is a no-op; never throws.
- ocr_engine.dart kept as a thin facade (recognizeImage) delegating to the
  selector, so ocr_service.dart is unchanged.
- CtcDecoder unit-tested (6 tests). flutter analyze clean; all tests pass.
- Model is not committed; tool/fetch_ocr_model.sh + assets/models/ocr/README.md
  document fetching PP-OCRv4 rec + dict on the dev machine.
- CI: forward HTTPS_PROXY to the Windows build so CMake can fetch the ONNX
  Runtime native lib behind the GFW; README documents the system-install
  alternative. PP-OCR geometry/blank assumptions documented for on-device tuning.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

.gitea/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -48,7 +48,16 @@ jobs:
       - name: Enable Windows desktop
         run: flutter config --enable-windows-desktop
 
+      # The flutter_onnxruntime plugin's CMake downloads the ONNX Runtime native
+      # library from github.com/microsoft/onnxruntime/releases at build time.
+      # That host is blocked here, but CMake's file(DOWNLOAD) honours proxy env
+      # vars, so we forward HTTP(S)_PROXY (set them as repo secrets, e.g.
+      # http://127.0.0.1:7890). Alternatively install ONNX Runtime system-wide
+      # and pass -DUSE_SYSTEM_ONNXRUNTIME=ON -DONNXRUNTIME_ROOT_DIR=... .
       - name: Build Windows release
+        env:
+          HTTP_PROXY: ${{ secrets.HTTP_PROXY }}
+          HTTPS_PROXY: ${{ secrets.HTTPS_PROXY }}
         run: flutter build windows --release
 
       - name: Package artifact

README.md

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ All notes, documents, search, and OCR run on your device. No server is required
 - Ink notes with Surface Pen (pressure, stabilizer, undo/redo)
 - PDF and PPT import with page-level annotation
 - Full-text search over note titles, typed text, and OCR results
-- **Local OCR** — handwriting recognition via Windows built-in OCR (Windows desktop)
+- **Local OCR** — pluggable, fully on-device. An embedded ONNX recognition
+  backend (cross-platform, CPU/iGPU) with a graceful fallback to the platform's
+  built-in OCR (Windows). See [Local OCR](#local-ocr).
 
 ## Build (Windows)
 
@@ -60,7 +62,13 @@ lib/
 │   ├── database_service.dart   # SQLite + FTS5
 │   ├── ocr_service.dart        # Local OCR orchestration
 │   ├── stroke_rasterizer.dart  # Ink → PNG for OCR
-│   └── ocr_engine.dart         # Platform OCR bridge
+│   ├── ocr_engine.dart         # OCR entry point (delegates to a backend)
+│   └── ocr/                    # Pluggable OCR backends
+│       ├── ocr_backend.dart           # Backend interface
+│       ├── ocr_backends.dart          # Backend selector (ONNX → native)
+│       ├── onnx_recognition_backend.dart  # Embedded ONNX (cross-platform)
+│       ├── native_ocr_backend.dart    # OS OCR (Windows WinRT)
+│       └── ctc_decoder.dart           # Pure-Dart CTC greedy decode
 ├── providers/        # Riverpod state
 └── widgets/          # Ink canvas, toolbars, thumbnails
 ```
@@ -69,9 +77,43 @@ OCR flow on save:
 
 1. Extract typed text from text-tool strokes
 2. Rasterize handwriting strokes to PNG
-3. Run Windows OCR on the PNG
+3. Recognize via the active local OCR backend (embedded ONNX if a model is
+   bundled, otherwise the platform's native OCR)
 4. Merge recognized text into the local FTS index for search
 
+## Local OCR
+
+OCR runs entirely on-device through a pluggable backend (`lib/services/ocr/`).
+`OcrBackends` selects, in order:
+
+1. **`OnnxRecognitionBackend`** — embedded, cross-platform recognition via
+   `flutter_onnxruntime` (CPU/iGPU; suited to low-power APUs). Active only when
+   an ONNX model is bundled.
+2. **`NativeOcrBackend`** — the OS built-in OCR (Windows WinRT today).
+
+If no backend is available, OCR is a clean no-op — the app still works.
+
+### Enabling the embedded ONNX model
+
+The model is **not committed** (it is large). Fetch it onto your dev machine
+before building so it bundles as an asset:
+
+```bash
+tool/fetch_ocr_model.sh   # downloads PP-OCRv4 rec ONNX + ppocr_keys_v1.txt
+                          # into assets/models/ocr/  (proxy hint inside)
+```
+
+See [assets/models/ocr/README.md](assets/models/ocr/README.md). The recognition
+geometry / CTC-blank assumptions (PP-OCRv4 mobile rec, 3×48×W, blank=0) are
+documented in `onnx_recognition_backend.dart` and should be verified on-device
+against your exact exported model.
+
+> **Windows build note:** the `flutter_onnxruntime` plugin downloads the ONNX
+> Runtime native library (v1.22.0) from GitHub at build time. Behind a firewall,
+> set `HTTPS_PROXY` for the build (CMake honours it), or install ONNX Runtime
+> system-wide and build with `-DUSE_SYSTEM_ONNXRUNTIME=ON
+> -DONNXRUNTIME_ROOT_DIR=<path>`.
+
 ## Optional server
 
 The `server/` directory contains an experimental FastAPI backend (sync + EasyOCR). It is **not required** for the desktop app and is kept separately for future multi-device sync experiments. See [server/README.md](server/README.md).

assets/models/ocr/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# Embedded OCR model (not committed)
+
+The handwriting/text recognition backend
+(`lib/services/ocr/onnx_recognition_backend.dart`) loads an ONNX recognition
+model and its character dictionary **from assets**:
+
+- `rec.onnx` — the PP-OCRv4 mobile text recognition model (CTC, input
+  `3 x 48 x W`, blank class index 0).
+- `ppocr_keys_v1.txt` — the PP-OCR character dictionary, one character per line.
+
+Neither file is committed to the repository (the model is large and the
+dictionary is distributed with PaddleOCR). The app is built to treat their
+absence as a clean no-op: if the model or dictionary is missing, the ONNX
+backend reports unavailable and OCR falls back to the native platform backend
+(or returns nothing). Only the `.gitkeep` placeholder is committed so the
+`assets/models/ocr/` asset directory is valid at build time.
+
+## How to obtain and place the files
+
+Run the helper script on your development machine (it must download from the
+PaddleOCR sources and convert the Paddle inference model to ONNX):
+
+```bash
+./tool/fetch_ocr_model.sh
+```
+
+This places the two files here as:
+
+```
+assets/models/ocr/rec.onnx
+assets/models/ocr/ppocr_keys_v1.txt
+```
+
+### Sources
+
+- PP-OCRv4 mobile recognition model (PaddleOCR inference model):
+  https://paddleocr.bj.bcebos.com/PP-OCRv4/chinese/ch_PP-OCRv4_rec_infer.tar
+  (English-only variant: `en_PP-OCRv4_rec_infer.tar`)
+- Character dictionary `ppocr_keys_v1.txt`:
+  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PaddlePaddle/PaddleOCR/main/ppocr/utils/ppocr_keys_v1.txt
+
+### Conversion
+
+PaddleOCR ships Paddle inference models; convert to ONNX with
+[paddle2onnx](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle2ONNX):
+
+```bash
+paddle2onnx \
+  --model_dir ch_PP-OCRv4_rec_infer \
+  --model_filename inference.pdmodel \
+  --params_filename inference.pdiparams \
+  --save_file rec.onnx \
+  --opset_version 14 \
+  --enable_onnx_checker True
+```
+
+## Verification note
+
+The backend assumes the PP-OCRv4 mobile rec convention (input `3 x 48 x W`,
+normalization `(v/255 - 0.5)/0.5`, CTC blank at index 0, dictionary shifted by
+one). If you use a different exported model, verify the input shape,
+normalization, and blank/dictionary convention and adjust
+`onnx_recognition_backend.dart` / `CtcDecoder` accordingly.

lib/services/ocr/ctc_decoder.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/// Pure-Dart CTC (Connectionist Temporal Classification) greedy decoder.
+///
+/// Decodes per-timestep class logits into a string by taking the argmax at
+/// each timestep, collapsing consecutive duplicate classes, dropping the
+/// blank class, and mapping the remaining class indices to characters.
+///
+/// Index mapping note (PaddleOCR PP-OCR rec convention with [blankIndex] == 0):
+/// the CTC blank occupies class index 0, so the character dictionary is
+/// shifted by one. The character for class index `k` (k >= 1) is
+/// `charset[k - 1]`. If [blankIndex] != 0, this exact shift may not apply and
+/// the mapping should be reviewed for the specific exported model.
+class CtcDecoder {
+  CtcDecoder(this.charset, {this.blankIndex = 0});
+
+  /// The character dictionary (without the blank entry).
+  final List<String> charset;
+
+  /// The class index reserved for the CTC blank symbol.
+  final int blankIndex;
+
+  /// Decode `[T][C]` logits into a string.
+  ///
+  /// For each timestep the argmax over the `C` classes is taken; consecutive
+  /// duplicate indices are collapsed and the blank index is dropped. Remaining
+  /// indices are mapped to characters via the dictionary shift described in the
+  /// class docs. Out-of-range indices are skipped.
+  String decode(List<List<double>> logits) {
+    final buffer = StringBuffer();
+    var previousIndex = -1;
+
+    for (final row in logits) {
+      if (row.isEmpty) {
+        previousIndex = -1;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // argmax over the classes of this timestep.
+      var bestIndex = 0;
+      var bestValue = row[0];
+      for (var c = 1; c < row.length; c++) {
+        if (row[c] > bestValue) {
+          bestValue = row[c];
+          bestIndex = c;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Collapse consecutive duplicates.
+      if (bestIndex == previousIndex) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      previousIndex = bestIndex;
+
+      // Drop the blank class.
+      if (bestIndex == blankIndex) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      final ch = _charForIndex(bestIndex);
+      if (ch != null) {
+        buffer.write(ch);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return buffer.toString();
+  }
+
+  /// Reshape a flat row-major `[T*C]` list into `[T][C]` and decode it.
+  String decodeFlat(List<double> flat, int timeSteps, int numClasses) {
+    if (timeSteps <= 0 || numClasses <= 0) return '';
+    final logits = <List<double>>[];
+    for (var t = 0; t < timeSteps; t++) {
+      final start = t * numClasses;
+      final end = start + numClasses;
+      if (end > flat.length) break;
+      logits.add(flat.sublist(start, end));
+    }
+    return decode(logits);
+  }
+
+  /// Map a class index to its character, applying the blank shift. Returns null
+  /// for the blank index or out-of-range indices.
+  String? _charForIndex(int index) {
+    if (index == blankIndex) return null;
+
+    // With blankIndex == 0 the dictionary is shifted by one: class index k
+    // maps to charset[k - 1]. For other blank positions we fall back to a
+    // direct index, which may need adjustment per the exported model.
+    final mapped = blankIndex == 0 ? index - 1 : index;
+    if (mapped < 0 || mapped >= charset.length) return null;
+    return charset[mapped];
+  }
+}

lib/services/ocr/native_ocr_backend.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import 'dart:io';
+
+import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
+
+import 'ocr_backend.dart';
+
+/// Platform OCR backend. Uses the Windows built-in OCR engine exposed through
+/// the native `badnote/ocr` MethodChannel.
+class NativeOcrBackend implements OcrBackend {
+  static const _channel = MethodChannel('badnote/ocr');
+
+  @override
+  String get name => 'native';
+
+  @override
+  Future<bool> isAvailable() async => Platform.isWindows;
+
+  @override
+  Future<String?> recognize(Uint8List pngBytes) async {
+    if (!Platform.isWindows) return null;
+    try {
+      final result = await _channel.invokeMethod<String>('recognize', pngBytes);
+      final text = result?.trim();
+      if (text == null || text.isEmpty) return null;
+      return text;
+    } catch (_) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}

lib/services/ocr/ocr_backend.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+
+/// A pluggable local OCR backend.
+///
+/// Implementations turn a PNG image into recognized text. The app selects an
+/// available backend via [OcrBackends]; absence of any backend is a clean
+/// no-op (recognition returns null).
+abstract class OcrBackend {
+  /// Short identifier used for logging/selection (e.g. 'native', 'onnx').
+  String get name;
+
+  /// Whether this backend can run on the current device/build. May perform a
+  /// lazy initialization attempt (e.g. loading a model) the first time.
+  Future<bool> isAvailable();
+
+  /// Recognize text from a PNG image. Returns null when nothing is recognized
+  /// or the backend is unavailable. Implementations must never throw.
+  Future<String?> recognize(Uint8List pngBytes);
+}

lib/services/ocr/ocr_backends.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+
+import 'native_ocr_backend.dart';
+import 'ocr_backend.dart';
+import 'onnx_recognition_backend.dart';
+
+/// Selects and caches the active local OCR backend.
+///
+/// Preference order: the embedded ONNX recognition backend if its model is
+/// bundled and loads, otherwise the native platform backend, otherwise none.
+class OcrBackends {
+  OcrBackends._();
+
+  static OcrBackend? _active;
+  static bool _resolved = false;
+
+  /// Resolve (once) and return the preferred available backend, or null when
+  /// no backend is available on this device/build.
+  static Future<OcrBackend?> active() async {
+    if (_resolved) return _active;
+
+    final candidates = <OcrBackend>[
+      OnnxRecognitionBackend(),
+      NativeOcrBackend(),
+    ];
+
+    for (final backend in candidates) {
+      if (await backend.isAvailable()) {
+        _active = backend;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    _resolved = true;
+    return _active;
+  }
+
+  /// Recognize text using the active backend. Returns null when no backend is
+  /// available or nothing was recognized.
+  static Future<String?> recognize(Uint8List png) async {
+    final backend = await active();
+    if (backend == null) return null;
+    return backend.recognize(png);
+  }
+}

lib/services/ocr/onnx_recognition_backend.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+import 'dart:ui' as ui;
+
+import 'package:flutter/services.dart' show rootBundle;
+import 'package:flutter_onnxruntime/flutter_onnxruntime.dart';
+
+import 'ctc_decoder.dart';
+import 'ocr_backend.dart';
+
+/// ONNX-based text recognition backend.
+///
+/// NOTE: assumes PP-OCRv4 mobile rec (input 3x48xW, CTC blank=0). Verify
+/// on-device; the dictionary/blank convention may need adjustment per the exact
+/// exported model.
+///
+/// The model and dictionary are bundled as assets and are optional: if either
+/// is missing this backend reports unavailable and recognition is a clean
+/// no-op (returns null). It never throws out of [recognize].
+class OnnxRecognitionBackend implements OcrBackend {
+  static const _modelAsset = 'assets/models/ocr/rec.onnx';
+  static const _dictAsset = 'assets/models/ocr/ppocr_keys_v1.txt';
+
+  // Rec model input geometry.
+  static const _targetHeight = 48;
+  static const _minWidth = 16;
+  static const _maxWidth = 320;
+
+  OrtSession? _session;
+  CtcDecoder? _decoder;
+
+  bool _initAttempted = false;
+  bool _available = false;
+
+  @override
+  String get name => 'onnx';
+
+  @override
+  Future<bool> isAvailable() async {
+    await _ensureInit();
+    return _available;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<String?> recognize(Uint8List pngBytes) async {
+    await _ensureInit();
+    final session = _session;
+    final decoder = _decoder;
+    if (!_available || session == null || decoder == null) return null;
+
+    OrtValue? input;
+    Map<String, OrtValue>? outputs;
+    try {
+      final pre = await _preprocess(pngBytes);
+      if (pre == null) return null;
+
+      final inputName = session.inputNames[0];
+      input = await OrtValue.fromList(pre.data, [
+        1,
+        3,
+        _targetHeight,
+        pre.width,
+      ]);
+      outputs = await session.run({inputName: input});
+
+      final out = outputs[session.outputNames[0]];
+      if (out == null) return null;
+
+      // Expected output shape: [1, T, C].
+      final shape = out.shape;
+      if (shape.length != 3) return null;
+      final timeSteps = shape[1];
+      final numClasses = shape[2];
+
+      // asFlattenedList() returns the data flat (row-major); asList() would
+      // return a list nested per the output shape.
+      final flat = (await out.asFlattenedList())
+          .map((v) => (v as num).toDouble())
+          .toList();
+      final text = decoder.decodeFlat(flat, timeSteps, numClasses).trim();
+      if (text.isEmpty) return null;
+      return text;
+    } catch (_) {
+      return null;
+    } finally {
+      if (input != null) {
+        await input.dispose();
+      }
+      if (outputs != null) {
+        for (final t in outputs.values) {
+          await t.dispose();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Lazily load the dictionary and create the inference session. On any
+  /// failure the backend is marked unavailable.
+  Future<void> _ensureInit() async {
+    if (_initAttempted) return;
+    _initAttempted = true;
+    try {
+      final dictRaw = await rootBundle.loadString(_dictAsset);
+      final charset = dictRaw
+          .split('\n')
+          .map((line) => line.replaceAll('\r', ''))
+          .toList();
+      // Drop a single trailing empty entry from a final newline, then append a
+      // space character as PP-OCR does.
+      if (charset.isNotEmpty && charset.last.isEmpty) {
+        charset.removeLast();
+      }
+      charset.add(' ');
+
+      final ort = OnnxRuntime();
+      final session = await ort.createSessionFromAsset(
+        _modelAsset,
+        options: OrtSessionOptions(
+          intraOpNumThreads: 2,
+          providers: [OrtProvider.CPU],
+        ),
+      );
+
+      _session = session;
+      _decoder = CtcDecoder(charset, blankIndex: 0);
+      _available = true;
+    } catch (_) {
+      _session = null;
+      _decoder = null;
+      _available = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Decode and preprocess the PNG into the CHW Float32 tensor the rec model
+  /// expects. Returns null on any decode failure.
+  Future<_PreprocessResult?> _preprocess(Uint8List pngBytes) async {
+    final codec = await ui.instantiateImageCodec(pngBytes);
+    final frame = await codec.getNextFrame();
+    final src = frame.image;
+    try {
+      final origW = src.width;
+      final origH = src.height;
+      if (origW <= 0 || origH <= 0) return null;
+
+      // Width that preserves aspect ratio at the target height, clamped.
+      final scaledW = (_targetHeight * origW / origH).round();
+      final targetW = scaledW.clamp(_minWidth, _maxWidth);
+
+      // Render the resized image onto a white canvas. If the scaled width is
+      // narrower than the target, the right side stays white (padding).
+      final recorder = ui.PictureRecorder();
+      final canvas = ui.Canvas(recorder);
+      final paintWidth = scaledW < targetW ? scaledW : targetW;
+      canvas.drawRect(
+        ui.Rect.fromLTWH(0, 0, targetW.toDouble(), _targetHeight.toDouble()),
+        ui.Paint()..color = const ui.Color(0xFFFFFFFF),
+      );
+      canvas.drawImageRect(
+        src,
+        ui.Rect.fromLTWH(0, 0, origW.toDouble(), origH.toDouble()),
+        ui.Rect.fromLTWH(0, 0, paintWidth.toDouble(), _targetHeight.toDouble()),
+        ui.Paint(),
+      );
+      final picture = recorder.endRecording();
+      final resized = await picture.toImage(targetW, _targetHeight);
+      picture.dispose();
+
+      try {
+        final byteData = await resized.toByteData(
+          format: ui.ImageByteFormat.rawRgba,
+        );
+        if (byteData == null) return null;
+        final rgba = byteData.buffer.asUint8List();
+
+        // Layout CHW (3 x H x W), normalize (v/255 - 0.5) / 0.5, RGB only.
+        final hw = _targetHeight * targetW;
+        final data = Float32List(3 * hw);
+        for (var y = 0; y < _targetHeight; y++) {
+          for (var x = 0; x < targetW; x++) {
+            final pixel = (y * targetW + x) * 4;
+            final r = rgba[pixel] / 255.0;
+            final g = rgba[pixel + 1] / 255.0;
+            final b = rgba[pixel + 2] / 255.0;
+            final idx = y * targetW + x;
+            data[idx] = (r - 0.5) / 0.5;
+            data[hw + idx] = (g - 0.5) / 0.5;
+            data[2 * hw + idx] = (b - 0.5) / 0.5;
+          }
+        }
+        return _PreprocessResult(data, targetW);
+      } finally {
+        resized.dispose();
+      }
+    } finally {
+      src.dispose();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+class _PreprocessResult {
+  _PreprocessResult(this.data, this.width);
+
+  final Float32List data;
+  final int width;
+}

lib/services/ocr_engine.dart

@@ -1,21 +1,14 @@
-import 'dart:io';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
 
-import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
+import 'ocr/ocr_backends.dart';
 
-/// Platform OCR backend. Uses Windows built-in OCR on desktop Windows.
+/// Local OCR entry point. Delegates to a pluggable backend (embedded ONNX
+/// recognition when a model is bundled, otherwise the native platform OCR).
+///
+/// The static API is kept for back-compat with [OcrService].
 class OcrEngine {
-  static const _channel = MethodChannel('badnote/ocr');
-
   /// Recognize text from a PNG image. Returns null when unavailable or empty.
-  static Future<String?> recognizeImage(Uint8List pngBytes) async {
+  static Future<String?> recognizeImage(Uint8List pngBytes) {
-    if (!Platform.isWindows) return null;
+    return OcrBackends.recognize(pngBytes);
-    try {
-      final result = await _channel.invokeMethod<String>('recognize', pngBytes);
-      final text = result?.trim();
-      if (text == null || text.isEmpty) return null;
-      return text;
-    } catch (_) {
-      return null;
-    }
   }
 }

linux/flutter/generated_plugin_registrant.cc

@@ -7,12 +7,16 @@
 #include "generated_plugin_registrant.h"
 
 #include <file_selector_linux/file_selector_plugin.h>
+#include <flutter_onnxruntime/flutter_onnxruntime_plugin.h>
 #include <url_launcher_linux/url_launcher_plugin.h>
 
 void fl_register_plugins(FlPluginRegistry* registry) {
   g_autoptr(FlPluginRegistrar) file_selector_linux_registrar =
       fl_plugin_registry_get_registrar_for_plugin(registry, "FileSelectorPlugin");
   file_selector_plugin_register_with_registrar(file_selector_linux_registrar);
+  g_autoptr(FlPluginRegistrar) flutter_onnxruntime_registrar =
+      fl_plugin_registry_get_registrar_for_plugin(registry, "FlutterOnnxruntimePlugin");
+  flutter_onnxruntime_plugin_register_with_registrar(flutter_onnxruntime_registrar);
   g_autoptr(FlPluginRegistrar) url_launcher_linux_registrar =
       fl_plugin_registry_get_registrar_for_plugin(registry, "UrlLauncherPlugin");
   url_launcher_plugin_register_with_registrar(url_launcher_linux_registrar);

linux/flutter/generated_plugins.cmake

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 list(APPEND FLUTTER_PLUGIN_LIST
   file_selector_linux
+  flutter_onnxruntime
   url_launcher_linux
 )
 

macos/Flutter/GeneratedPluginRegistrant.swift

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import Foundation
 import device_info_plus
 import file_picker
 import file_selector_macos
+import flutter_onnxruntime
 import shared_preferences_foundation
 import sqflite_darwin
 import syncfusion_pdfviewer_macos
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ func RegisterGeneratedPlugins(registry: FlutterPluginRegistry) {
   DeviceInfoPlusMacosPlugin.register(with: registry.registrar(forPlugin: "DeviceInfoPlusMacosPlugin"))
   FilePickerPlugin.register(with: registry.registrar(forPlugin: "FilePickerPlugin"))
   FileSelectorPlugin.register(with: registry.registrar(forPlugin: "FileSelectorPlugin"))
+  FlutterOnnxruntimePlugin.register(with: registry.registrar(forPlugin: "FlutterOnnxruntimePlugin"))
   SharedPreferencesPlugin.register(with: registry.registrar(forPlugin: "SharedPreferencesPlugin"))
   SqflitePlugin.register(with: registry.registrar(forPlugin: "SqflitePlugin"))
   SyncfusionFlutterPdfViewerPlugin.register(with: registry.registrar(forPlugin: "SyncfusionFlutterPdfViewerPlugin"))

pubspec.lock

@@ -326,6 +326,14 @@ packages:
       url: "https://pub.dev"
     source: hosted
     version: "6.0.0"
+  flutter_onnxruntime:
+    dependency: "direct main"
+    description:
+      name: flutter_onnxruntime
+      sha256: "616f0e296840edb63278c647baf4475232d21cba45478ff26348e474f3f6a913"
+      url: "https://pub.dev"
+    source: hosted
+    version: "1.8.0"
   flutter_plugin_android_lifecycle:
     dependency: transitive
     description:

pubspec.yaml

@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@ dependencies:
   # Camera / image picker
   image_picker: ^1.1.2
 
+  # Embedded ONNX runtime (local OCR recognition backend)
+  flutter_onnxruntime: ^1.8.0
+
 dev_dependencies:
   flutter_test:
     sdk: flutter
@@ -62,6 +65,9 @@ dev_dependencies:
 flutter:
   uses-material-design: true
 
+  assets:
+    - assets/models/ocr/
+
 # Use vendored, hash-verified sqlite3 native binaries (committed under
 # vendor/sqlite3/) instead of downloading them from GitHub releases at build
 # time. This keeps builds fully local/offline — important behind the GFW where

test/ctc_decoder_test.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import 'package:badnote/services/ocr/ctc_decoder.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+
+/// Build a one-hot-ish logits row of [numClasses] with the max at [maxIndex].
+List<double> _row(int numClasses, int maxIndex) {
+  return List<double>.generate(numClasses, (i) => i == maxIndex ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+}
+
+void main() {
+  group('CtcDecoder.decode', () {
+    test('collapses consecutive repeats and drops blanks (+1 shift)', () {
+      // charset indices: 1->'a', 2->'b', 3->'c' (blank at 0, shifted by one).
+      final decoder = CtcDecoder(['a', 'b', 'c'], blankIndex: 0);
+      const numClasses = 4; // blank + 3 chars
+      final logits = <List<double>>[
+        _row(numClasses, 1), // a
+        _row(numClasses, 1), // a (collapsed)
+        _row(numClasses, 0), // blank
+        _row(numClasses, 2), // b
+        _row(numClasses, 2), // b (collapsed)
+        _row(numClasses, 3), // c
+      ];
+      expect(decoder.decode(logits), 'abc');
+    });
+
+    test('empty input yields empty string', () {
+      final decoder = CtcDecoder(['a', 'b', 'c'], blankIndex: 0);
+      expect(decoder.decode(<List<double>>[]), '');
+    });
+
+    test('all-blank input yields empty string', () {
+      final decoder = CtcDecoder(['a', 'b', 'c'], blankIndex: 0);
+      const numClasses = 4;
+      final logits = <List<double>>[
+        _row(numClasses, 0),
+        _row(numClasses, 0),
+        _row(numClasses, 0),
+      ];
+      expect(decoder.decode(logits), '');
+    });
+
+    test('out-of-range indices are skipped', () {
+      // charset has 2 entries -> valid class indices are 1 and 2. Class index 3
+      // maps to charset[2] which is out of range and must be skipped.
+      final decoder = CtcDecoder(['a', 'b'], blankIndex: 0);
+      const numClasses = 4;
+      final logits = <List<double>>[
+        _row(numClasses, 1), // a
+        _row(numClasses, 3), // out of range -> skipped
+        _row(numClasses, 2), // b
+      ];
+      expect(decoder.decode(logits), 'ab');
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('CtcDecoder.decodeFlat', () {
+    test('reshapes a flat row-major list and decodes it', () {
+      final decoder = CtcDecoder(['a', 'b', 'c'], blankIndex: 0);
+      const numClasses = 4;
+      const timeSteps = 3;
+      final flat = <double>[
+        ..._row(numClasses, 1), // a
+        ..._row(numClasses, 0), // blank
+        ..._row(numClasses, 2), // b
+      ];
+      expect(decoder.decodeFlat(flat, timeSteps, numClasses), 'ab');
+    });
+
+    test('returns empty for non-positive dimensions', () {
+      final decoder = CtcDecoder(['a'], blankIndex: 0);
+      expect(decoder.decodeFlat(<double>[1, 0], 0, 2), '');
+      expect(decoder.decodeFlat(<double>[1, 0], 2, 0), '');
+    });
+  });
+}

tool/fetch_ocr_model.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# fetch_ocr_model.sh — download and prepare the embedded OCR recognition model.
+#
+# RUN THIS ON YOUR DEV MACHINE. It downloads the PaddleOCR PP-OCRv4 mobile
+# recognition inference model + the character dictionary, converts the Paddle
+# inference model to ONNX, and places the results as:
+#
+#   assets/models/ocr/rec.onnx
+#   assets/models/ocr/ppocr_keys_v1.txt
+#
+# These files are intentionally NOT committed; the app treats their absence as
+# a clean no-op (OCR falls back to the native backend or returns nothing).
+#
+# Requirements: bash, curl, tar, and paddle2onnx (pip install paddle2onnx).
+#
+# proxy: export HTTPS_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:7890 (and HTTP_PROXY) if you are
+# behind a firewall/GFW that blocks the download hosts.
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# Resolve repo root relative to this script so it works from any cwd.
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+REPO_ROOT="$(cd "${SCRIPT_DIR}/.." && pwd)"
+OUT_DIR="${REPO_ROOT}/assets/models/ocr"
+WORK_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+
+# Canonical PaddleOCR sources. Swap to the en_ variant for English-only.
+REC_INFER_URL="https://paddleocr.bj.bcebos.com/PP-OCRv4/chinese/ch_PP-OCRv4_rec_infer.tar"
+# REC_INFER_URL="https://paddleocr.bj.bcebos.com/PP-OCRv4/english/en_PP-OCRv4_rec_infer.tar"
+KEYS_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PaddlePaddle/PaddleOCR/main/ppocr/utils/ppocr_keys_v1.txt"
+
+cleanup() { rm -rf "${WORK_DIR}"; }
+trap cleanup EXIT
+
+mkdir -p "${OUT_DIR}"
+
+echo "==> Downloading recognition inference model"
+curl -fL "${REC_INFER_URL}" -o "${WORK_DIR}/rec_infer.tar"
+
+echo "==> Extracting"
+tar -xf "${WORK_DIR}/rec_infer.tar" -C "${WORK_DIR}"
+# The tarball extracts into a single directory; find it.
+MODEL_DIR="$(find "${WORK_DIR}" -maxdepth 1 -type d -name '*_rec_infer' | head -n1)"
+if [[ -z "${MODEL_DIR}" ]]; then
+  echo "ERROR: could not locate the extracted *_rec_infer directory" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "==> Downloading character dictionary"
+curl -fL "${KEYS_URL}" -o "${OUT_DIR}/ppocr_keys_v1.txt"
+
+echo "==> Converting Paddle inference model to ONNX (requires paddle2onnx)"
+if ! command -v paddle2onnx >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "ERROR: paddle2onnx not found. Install with: pip install paddle2onnx" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+paddle2onnx \
+  --model_dir "${MODEL_DIR}" \
+  --model_filename inference.pdmodel \
+  --params_filename inference.pdiparams \
+  --save_file "${OUT_DIR}/rec.onnx" \
+  --opset_version 14 \
+  --enable_onnx_checker True
+
+echo "==> Done:"
+echo "    ${OUT_DIR}/rec.onnx"
+echo "    ${OUT_DIR}/ppocr_keys_v1.txt"

windows/flutter/generated_plugin_registrant.cc

@@ -7,12 +7,15 @@
 #include "generated_plugin_registrant.h"
 
 #include <file_selector_windows/file_selector_windows.h>
+#include <flutter_onnxruntime/flutter_onnxruntime_plugin.h>
 #include <syncfusion_pdfviewer_windows/syncfusion_pdfviewer_windows_plugin.h>
 #include <url_launcher_windows/url_launcher_windows.h>
 
 void RegisterPlugins(flutter::PluginRegistry* registry) {
   FileSelectorWindowsRegisterWithRegistrar(
       registry->GetRegistrarForPlugin("FileSelectorWindows"));
+  FlutterOnnxruntimePluginRegisterWithRegistrar(
+      registry->GetRegistrarForPlugin("FlutterOnnxruntimePlugin"));
   SyncfusionPdfviewerWindowsPluginRegisterWithRegistrar(
       registry->GetRegistrarForPlugin("SyncfusionPdfviewerWindowsPlugin"));
   UrlLauncherWindowsRegisterWithRegistrar(

windows/flutter/generated_plugins.cmake

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 list(APPEND FLUTTER_PLUGIN_LIST
   file_selector_windows
+  flutter_onnxruntime
   syncfusion_pdfviewer_windows
   url_launcher_windows
 )